Week 8

1. Week 8 GENDER DIFFERENCES, GENDERED INEQUALITY

3. March 8, Intl Women’s Day • Celebrate advances, Concerns over delays • Best of times, worst of times/Half glass full/empty? • A perspective? Compared to past, compared to others, compared to Canada’s ideals • Disparities = personal or structural? = gendered society? = “minority women” = most vulnerable

4. Minority Women Disempowerment Globe and Mail Survey/content analysis: Advertised Corporate Promotions/Appointments (oct 12/10 to Mar 11 2013) (4.9%) White males = 1314 White women = 306 Racialized males = 60 Racialized women = 23

5. Gendered Society • Distinction • Division of Labour • Devaluation • Deeply embedded in society (systemic) • How expressed? – misogyny, sexism, androcentrism, patriarchy

6. Gendered society = patriarchal society • System designed, organized, controlledby for and about men • Reflect, reinforce, advance male interests • Male activities/characteristics valued as/or norm • Men = preferential access • Gendered reality: Formal equality but system not designed to reflect reality/constructed to advance interests • To date, reform (change conventions), not transform (rules • Is it still a white man’s world?

7. Overview of ChapterWomen are Minorities (within Minorities) Too Objectives • Examine R E A relation through prism of gender • Examine Gender through lens of REA relations • How gender intersects + Intrasectswith … Assumptions: Gender relations are unequal relations

8. Racialized Inequality: Power Globe and Mail Survey/content analysis: Advertised Corporate Promotions/Appointments (oct 12/10 to Mar 11 2013) (4.9%) White males = 1314 White women = 306 Racialized males = 60 Racialized women = 23

9. Is MC bad for women

10. Gender Differences, Gendered Realities

11. INCOME DIFFERENCES:Table5.2 Earnings* by gender, racialization, and place of birth (in $) males females average • Racializedminority (CB**) $42 433 $33 519 $38 582 • Racialized minority (FB***) $35 329 $27 075 $31 829 • Whites (CB) $43 456 $31 150 $38 529 • Whites (FB) $46 457 $31 627 $40 854 • Aboriginal peoples $32 369 $26 361 $29 290 • * Full-time, full-year earnings for those aged 25 to 64. ** Canadian born *** Foreign born • Source: Adapted from Kunz et al. 2001. Source: 1996 Census, Public Use Microdata File.

12. Intersectionality • Multiplier effect gender X race X class X ethnicity = amplify • Value = holistic = inequality is intensified = women/minority experiences at core

13. Intrasectional Analysis • Differences within Differences • Gender (Aboriginal Women or Racialized Women of Colour or Immigrant & Refugee Women) intersects with race, class, etc

14. Violence Against Minority Women • Debunking myths • More? or less options? • Aboriginal women • Violence toward Minority Women = intersectional + intrasectional

15. March 21 – Intl Day for the Elimination of Racial Discrimination UN Report Card on Canada? • Good on ya, but… • Racial Discrimination - income, poverty, employment - racial profiling / CJS - violence toward Aboriginal women • A Perspective….

16. CJS and Blacks/Aboriginal Peoples • Federal Corrections Aboriginal Peoples = 4% of pop = 23% of inmates • Ontario Corrections - black/Aboriginal youth = 5 times more likely - Aboriginal young women = 10 times • A context – usa jail ratio vs Canada vs aboriginal/black youth • Why? complex interrelated factors …from Spirit Matters Report, March 2013