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Fallacies: Hasty Generalization, Ad Hominem, and Appeals to Popular Opinion

Fallacies: Hasty Generalization, Ad Hominem, and Appeals to Popular Opinion. By Hannah Lebovitz. What are fallacies?. Fallacies are logical flaws in the reasoning process Used to identify weaknesses in arguments. Hasty Generalizations. Making quick assumptions that are later proved wrong

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Fallacies: Hasty Generalization, Ad Hominem, and Appeals to Popular Opinion

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  1. Fallacies:Hasty Generalization, Ad Hominem, and Appeals to Popular Opinion By Hannah Lebovitz

  2. What are fallacies? • Fallacies are logical flaws in the reasoning process • Used to identify weaknesses in arguments

  3. Hasty Generalizations • Making quick assumptions that are later proved wrong • Conclusions are based on incomplete and insufficient evidence • Examples: making assumptions based on first impressions

  4. Ad Hominem Arguments • Arguments are made against the person instead of their arguments • Ad hominem – “against the man” • Examples: politicians attacking each other’s character

  5. Appeals to Popular Opinion • Suggest something is true because everyone thinks it is • “Bandwagon fallacy” • Examples: politicians relying on popular opinion polls to help them make decisions

  6. Quiz "You can't trust Jones' theory of electromagnetic particles because he's a communist." Argumentum ad hominem Smith, who is from England, decides to attend graduate school at Ohio State University. He has never been to the US before. The day after he arrives, he is walking back from an orientation session and sees two white (albino) squirrels chasing each other around a tree. In his next letter home, he tells his family that American squirrels are white. Hasty generalization "All I'm saying is that millions of people believe in astrology, so there must be something to it." Appeal to popular opinion

  7. The End

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