RENOCELL ® TECHNOLOGY - HEAVY & PRECIOUS METALS APPLICATIONS

1. RENOCELL® TECHNOLOGY - HEAVY & PRECIOUS METALS APPLICATIONS 2007

2. RenoCell M500 “... RenoCell removes dissolved heavy metals from water, as metal, better than any process in the world. By using electrons directly instead of from chemical reagents, the RenoCell is the least expensive, most efficient and environmentally friendly electrochemical reduction process available today...” • *REDOX - of or relating to reduction-oxidation. Chemical reactions involving metals in aqueous solutions involve a balance of oxidizing and reducing reactions. Reagents are substances that react with metals by exchanging electrons to cause their oxidation or reduction.

3. RENOVARE INTERNATIONAL • Founded in 1996 • Over 180 systems sold and operating in over 15 countries • Expanded RenoCell Product Line • Diversified industries • Printed Circuit Boards • Plating & Metal Finishing • Semiconductors & Electronics • Aerospace/Automotive • Precious Metals Recovery & Mining

4. TECHNOLOGY & PRODUCTS OVERVIEW • Technology • Electrochemical metal recovery • High surface area carbon fiber cathode • Large improvement in performance envelope (operating range & costs) • Cathode cartridge periodically replaced to recover metal • Industrial Metal Recovery Products • RenoCell Models 250, 500 & 1000 with divided cell capability • RenoCell Modular Systems sized and configured as market and applications dictates • Specialty RenoCell Systems • Value-added niche systems, e.g., Electroless Nickel Bath treatment • Range of capacities to best serve customer needs • Modular, expandable system line

5. TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW

6. ELECTROCHEMICAL PROCESSES • The term electrochemical reaction applies to those reactions of oxidation or reduction which take place at the surface of conductive electrodes immersed in a chemical medium under the influence of an applied electrical potential or voltage • At the negative electrode or cathode, the reactions include reduction of a metal ion to the metal itself Ni+ + + 2 e- —> Ni and, in aqueous media, the reduction of the hydrogen ion to hydrogen gas 2H+ + 2 e- —> H2 gas

7. ELECTRODEPOSITION OF METALS • Historically 2D cells, such as tank or plate-and-frame cells, are suitable for bulk metal removal, but they can not meet stringent recovery or treatment standards • Development efforts have been directed towards finding high surface area, stationary electrode materials. • Testing shows that low concentrations of metals can only be achieved with reasonable current efficiencies by using porous, 3D electrodes

8. ELECTRODEPOSITION OF METALS(Continued) • RenoCell improvements in electrochemical cell performance focused on: • Obtaining high active cathode surface areas which allow compact design and efficient conversions even at low metal concentrations • High current efficiency to minimize energy usage • High current density to effect rapid metal removal • Intimate contact between electrolyte and electrodes to provide high mass transport • Ease of product removal • Safety and ease of control • Lower operating costs

9. RENOCELL’S PATENTED*TECHNOLOGY • Porous, high surface area cathode • Replaceable cathode cartridge for easy metal removal • Industry standard components and compact, robust design • Optional divided cell (reactor) configuration • Applicable to all electroplatable metals or electroprecipitable metal hydroxides and oxides *USA No. 5,690,806 and USA No. 6,162,333

10. RENOCELL CATHODE DESIGN RenoCell’s Carbon Fiber Cathode Element, Magnified

11. RENOCELL POROUS CARBON CATHODE ASSEMBLY M-500 Cathode: Diameter = 10 cm Length = 1/2 m 2-D Area = 0.11 m2 3-D Area = ~55 m2

12. RENOCELL CATHODE DESIGN M100 Cathode Before Test After Deposit

13. RENOCELL ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL • Enclosed Polypropylene Housing • Cylindrical Anode & Cathode • Porous 3D Carbon Cathode • Replaceable Cathode • Several Sizes • Small Footprint U.S. Patent No. 6,162,333

14. PERFORMANCE OVERVIEW

15. SUCCESSFULLY TREATS 20+ HEAVY METALS • Cadmium • Gold • Copper • Cobalt • Mercury • Nickel • Chromium • Silver • Tin • Palladium • Iron • Lead • Platinum • Zinc • Indium • Arsenic • Osmium • Tungsten • Ruthenium • Rhodium • Others (metalloids) being or to be tested

16. 99.99 % COPPER RECOVERY FROM DILUTE PLATING BATH

17. (Multiple Batches) ELECTROLESS COPPER WASTE M100 CATHODE

18. TYPICAL RENOCELL OPERATING PERFORMANCE

19. TYPICAL RENOCELL OPERATING PERFORMANCE(Continued)

20. COST COMPARISON FOR COPPER REMOVAL FROM RINSE WATERS Based on: • 40 ppm copper removal to 1 ppm copper • Sludge management (including dewatering, transportation and treatment) is $350/ton • Ion exchange spent resin is assumed to be treated on site

21. NICKEL • Removal of Ni from the Watt's bath and other chemistries was achieved at a good rate and less than 1 mg/L was achieved • Recently an Electroless Nickel bath treatment process was developed that successfully overcomes the strongly complexing nature of the EN solution. This process technology is being patented

22. COST COMPARISON FOR NICKEL REMOVAL FROM RINSE WATERS Based on: • 80 mg/L Ni removal to 1 mg/L Ni • Sludge management (including dewatering, transportation and treatment) is $350/ton • Ion exchange spent resin is assumed to be treated on-site O&M Cost Estimates: • DTC Precipitation: $50/kg Ni • Ion Exchange: $25/kg Ni • RenoCell: $11/kg Ni

23. ELECTROLESS NICKEL TREATMENT • EN Bath Processing • OMG Spent Chemistry • pH 5.0 • ORP +150 mV • Conductivity >90,000 µS/cm • Ni ~6,000 mg/L • RenoCell Testing • ~30 tests runs • pH, ORP, T, conductivity, pretreatment • undivided/divided

24. ELECTROLESS NICKEL TREATMENTSUMMARY • RenoCell Process Results • Divided RenoCell Require • Reduce ORP to ~-250 mV • No pH adjustment • T >50C • Other Process Adjustments • Operating Cost Comparison • Ven Met + $45 - $55/kg Ni • RenoCell $9/kg Ni

25. GOLD & OTHER PRECIOUS METALS An Au drag-out tank on a PCB plating machine was treated. The 265 L tank produced 112.5g of Au during a 20 hour RenoCell M100 test, and is typical of many precious metal applications

26. RENOCELL—CHEAPER & CLEANER Redox Reagent$/kg EquivalentRatio • ‘Electrolytic’ electron 12.80 1.0 • Iron powder 43.20 3.4 • Zinc dust 46.40 3.6 • Dimethyl-dithiocarbamate (DTC) 89.81 7.0 • Sodium borohydride (VenMet) 101.39 7.9 • Potassium permanganate 163.26 12.8 - Clean, “Green” Reactions - Electrons are the cheapest, purest, most versatile redox reagent

27. PRODUCTS OVERVIEW

28. RENOCELL PRODUCTS AND SYSTEMS • OEM COMPONENTS • SYSTEMS • M1000 – XM0100D Bench System • M1000/D – XM0250 Pilot System • M500 – Modular Systems • M500/D – Specialty Systems • M250 • M250/D

29. RENOCELL® COMPONENT PRODUCTS M250 & M250D M500 & M500D M1000 & M1000D

30. RENOCELL XM100 BENCH SYSTEM

31. RENOCELL MODULAR SYSTEMS

32. RENOCELL MODULAR SYSTEM

33. RENOCELL MODULAR SYSTEMS DESIGN • Redundant, modular design, expandable and reconfigurable • Redundant pumps if required • Modular design allows for additional modules to be added • In multiple cell systems each set of cells is isolatable for service - cathode change-out • Small foot print • Proven low cost design

34. APPLICATIONS OVERVIEW

35. Conventional EW Chemical Precipitation Ion Exchange RenoCell 10k 1k 100 10 1 0.1 100k Copper Remaining (mg/l) EFFECTIVE OPERATING RANGES FOR METAL REMOVAL TECHNOLOGIES

36. MARKET DRIVERS FOR RENOCELL • Process Water Treatment • “In-process” for water and or metal recovery, recycle, and or reuse • “End-of-Pipe” for waste treatment • Performance, quality and costimprovements • Recovery of Precious Metals • Market Conditions • Relentless pressure to reduce operating cost • Water compliance restrictions are increasing for discharge and water reuse • Waste minimization recognized as essential to economically compete and meet regulatory standards

37. RENOCELL USES • Spent Plating Bath • IX Regen • Rinse Water • Membrane Concentrate • Effluent Polishing • Scrubber Solutions • Precious Metal Scrap Processing • Catalyst Solution • Photosilver • Precious Metal Dragout and Rinses • Precious Metal Mining Leach • Cleaning Baths • Product Purification • Contaminant Removal • Dragout Solutions • Bath Purification • Stripping Bath • Pickling Baths • Redox Reagents • Etchant Regeneration

38. EXPERIENCE OVERVIEW

39. RENOCELL INSTALLATIONS • 180+ RenoCell Installations • 20+ Applications in Industrial Sectors • Printed Circuit Boards • Copper from electroless bath • Copper from dragout • Gold from dragout • Silver from rinse water • Impurities from copper plating bath • Metal Finishing • Cadmium from rinse water • Copper from cleaning bath

40. RENOCELL INSTALLATIONS(continued) • 20+ Applications in Industrial Sectors • Aerospace/Automotive • Cadmium from rinse water • Cadmium from IX regeneration • Copper and lead removal from cleaning bath • Metal Fab • Cleaning bath maintenance (Pb,Cu) • Precious Metals • Platinum, palladium and gold recovery • Gold from dragout

41. TYPICAL RENOCELL INSTALLATIONS • Packard Hughes Interconnect • Acid Copper, Gold • Sanmina • Copper, Tin, Nickel, Gold • Cesna Aircraft • Copper • Applied Power • Copper, electroless and acid Copper • Moen • Copper, Lead • DDI Thomas Walters • Copper etch and microetch • INCO • Precious metals

42. SUMMARY OF TYPICAL ECONOMIC BENEFITS • Virtual removal of all metal to allow rinse water reuse, saving more than 40% in overall treatment cost • Total operational cost savings up to 70% over conventional treatment methods • Lower capital cost payback (less than 2 years) • Reduced metal and waste water loading on existing waste treatment facilities • Conformance with national and local effluent discharge standards

43. IN SUMMARY • RenoCell is the next generation technology for process and waste water metal ion removal and value metal reclamation • RenoCell products deliver advanced, patented 3-D electrowinning technology incorporated in compact, robust cell and modular system designs • The principles of electrowinning are the same for all electrochemical cells. However, . . . . . “RenoCell® technology simply works substantially better”