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Unit 3: Animal science

Explore the structure and functions of animal cells, cell division process, and interactions of major organ systems in maintaining animal health. Learn through diagrams and examples of livestock anatomy. Main systems covered: Respiratory, Circulatory, Nervous, Digestive, Endocrine, Reproductive, Lymphatic, Muscular, Immune, Skeletal, Urinary, Integumentary.

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Unit 3: Animal science

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  1. Unit 3: Animal science Section 1 Mrs. Smith

  2. Animal anatomy & physiology Key points for this section a. Diagram/identify/state the functions of the major parts of the animal cell. b. Describe the process of cell division. c. Explain the functions of major organ systems and explain how they interact to maintain animal health. d. Identify the primary external parts of Livestock.

  3. Functions of The parts of an animal cell • Cell membrane: controls what enters and leaves the cell (semipermeable) • Centrosome: forms spindle apparatus during cell division • Cytoplasm: suspends organelles (jellylike) • Rough ER: Endoplasmic reticulum covered with ribosomes. Transports materials through the cell and produces proteins which are sent to the Golgi Body or inserted into the cell membrane. • Smooth ER: Transports materials through the cell and produces proteins and fats which are then sent to the Golgi Body, lysosomes, and membranes. • Ribosomes: produce proteins (protein synthesis) • Golgi Body: aka Golgi Apparatus- produces membranes that surround the lysosomes.

  4. Functions of the parts of an animal cell- cont. • Mitochondrion: converts energy stored in glucose to ATP (adenosine triphosphate) for the cell. • Vacuole: fluid-filled cavities inside a cell. The vacuole fills with waste material that is on its way out of the cell. • Nuclear membrane: membrane that surrounds the nucleus. • Nucleolus: organelle within the nucleus, where ribosomal RNA is produced. • Nucleus: controls many of the functions of the cell and contains DNA • Lysosome: aka vesicles, where digestion of cell nutrients take place.

  5. Edible lab time!! • Cell membrane= plastic/foil container • Centrosome= gummy spider • Cytoplasm= jell-o • Rough ER= nerds covered twizzlers • Smooth ER= twizzlers • Ribosomes= nerds • Golgi Body= folded hard candy ribbon • Mitochondrion= raisins • Vacuole= gummy lifesavers • Nuclear membrane= plum skin • Nucleolus= plum pit • Nucleus= plum flesh (insides) • Lysosome= M&M’s < Use this key and your animal cell worksheet to help you create your edible animal cell>

  6. Cell division aka Cell Cycle -Video link here- Let’s create your cell cycle fold! https://www.quora.com/What-controls-the-cell-cycle

  7. Major organ systems and their functions • Respiratory • Circulatory • Nervous • Digestive • Endocrine • Reproductive • Lymphatic • Muscular • Immune • Skeletal • Urinary • Integumentary

  8. Respiratory system • Obtain oxygen from the environment and then excrete carbon dioxide, a waste product of metabolic processes that would be fatal if left to accumulate in the body. • Upper respiratory tract: nostrils, sinuses, larynx • Lower respiratory tract: bronchi, lungs, alveoli https://horse-canada.com/magazine_articles/airway-diseases-in-horses/

  9. Circulatory system • A network of arteries, veins, and capillaries that carry oxygen-containing blood cells to every cell in the body. https://wirindiagrampedia.com/

  10. Nervous system • Enables animals to send, receive, and process nerve and sensory impulses, as well as to move muscles. 3 sections of the nervous system: • the central nervous system (which includes the brain and spinal cord) • the peripheral nervous system (the smaller nerves that branch off from the spinal cord and carry nerve signals to distant muscles and glands) • the autonomic nervous system (which controls involuntary activity such as the heartbeat and digestion) http://wikieducator.org/The_Anatomy_and_Physiology_of_Animals/Nervous_System_Worksheet/Worksheet_Answers

  11. Digestive system Cattle Digestive System • Breaks down food to fuel metabolism. • Polygastric (ruminant) digestive systems have a “compound” stomach with 4 compartments, while monogastric digestive systems have just 1 simple stomach with no compartments.

  12. Endocrine system • Made up of glands and the hormones the glands secrete, which influence or control various body functions (including metabolism, growth, and reproduction). • Some glands cross multiple systems, such as the ovaries, testes, and pancreas. https://slideplayer.com/slide/10046149/

  13. Reproductive System • Enables animals to create offspring: females create eggs and males fertilize the eggs. • FUN FACT! Rabbits are induced ovulators, meaning they will not produce an egg until they mate/are bred, then they need to breed again to conceive. • To the left are cross-views of the male and female sheep reproductive systems. https://tylersapswebsite.weebly.com/reproductive-system.html

  14. Lymphatic System • Consists of a body-wide network of lymph nodes which keep the circulatory system supplied with the plasma component of blood and maintains the immune system. http://canacopegdl.com/keyword/immune-system-pig.html

  15. Muscular system • 3 main components of the muscular system: skeletal muscles, smooth muscles (which are involved in breathing and digestion), and cardiac or heart muscles, which power the circulatory system.  https://www.slideserve.com/whitney/fetal-pig-dissection-review

  16. Immune system • Responsible for distinguishing an animal's native tissues from foreign bodies and pathogens like viruses, bacteria, and parasites; and for mobilizing immune response. The main carrier of the immune system is the lymphatic system. https://slideplayer.com/slide/13318227/

  17. Skeletal system • Vertebrate animals are supported by internal skeletons, a.k.a. endoskeletons, made of calcium and various organic tissues. http://www2.ca.uky.edu/agcomm/pubs/ASC/ASC202/ASC202.pdf

  18. Urinary system a.k.a. Excretory System • Land-dwelling vertebrates produce ammonia, a by-product of the digestion process. This ammonia is turned into urea, processed by the kidneys, mixed with water, and excreted as urine. • Birds and reptiles secrete urea in solid form along with their other wastes—these animals technically have urinary systems, but don't produce liquid urine. https://socratic.org/questions/is-team-work-between-the-kidneys-and-urinary-bladder-an-example-of-an-organ-syst

  19. Integumentary system • Consists of the skin and the structures or growths that cover it (the feathers of birds, the scales of fish, the hair of mammals, etc.), as well as claws, nails, hooves, and the like. • Functions: to protect animals from the hazards of their environment, regulate body temperature, protection from predators, and sensing pain and pressure.

  20. External Parts of livestock Cattle, goat, horse, pig, poultry, sheep

  21. http://learnhowtojudge.blogspot.com/p/how-to-judge-beef.html

  22. https://abga.org/abga-education/goat-anatomy/

  23. https://love-all-pets.blogspot.com/2017/06/introducing-anatomy-of-horse.htmlhttps://love-all-pets.blogspot.com/2017/06/introducing-anatomy-of-horse.html

  24. https://slideplayer.com/slide/8250250/

  25. https://www.roysfarm.com/body-parts-of-chicken/

  26. https://dodge.extension.wisc.edu/files/2010/06/SheepQuizBowlStudyGuide.pdfhttps://dodge.extension.wisc.edu/files/2010/06/SheepQuizBowlStudyGuide.pdf

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