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KASETSART UNIVERSITY

KASETSART UNIVERSITY. H.R.H. PRINCESS MAHA CHAKRI SIRINDHORN CHARITY FUND. A LGAL AND C ORAL R ESPONSE TO A NTHROPOGENIC P OLLUTION S OURCE AT M U K O S URIN M ARINE N ATIONAL P ARK , T HAILAND. Pasinee Reopanichkul , R.W. Carter, Suchai Worachananant and J. Udy. Introduction.

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KASETSART UNIVERSITY

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  1. KASETSART UNIVERSITY H.R.H. PRINCESS MAHA CHAKRI SIRINDHORN CHARITY FUND ALGALAND CORAL RESPONSE TO ANTHROPOGENIC POLLUTION SOURCE AT MU KO SURIN MARINE NATIONAL PARK, THAILAND PasineeReopanichkul, R.W. Carter, SuchaiWorachananant and J. Udy

  2. Introduction • Marine tourism is steadily growing overtime • Status of natural resource is declining • Difficult to determine the potential factor influencing the declining health • Sewage discharge and terrestrial runoff are reported to be two common point sources that affected coral health

  3. Introduction • Enhanced concentrations of nutrients • High loads of suspended and sedimentation particles • Pollution effects on coral reefs at local scales are well understood • Link between the level of effect and organism responses have been more difficult to demonstrate

  4. Focus of this study • To collect data on the percentage cover of living coral and biodiversity of algae on naturally coral reefs that vary in their level of exposure to terrestrial runoff and sewage pollution • To examine the relationship between water quality and the effect on coral reef communities

  5. Surin Marine National Park • A National Park since 1981 • A park of 135 square Km. • Consists of five granitic island • The most diverse reef in Thailand (within 8 square Km.)

  6. Study sites • High pollution • Mai Ngam (1) • Chong Khad (5) • Low pollution • Suthep (2) • Mae Yai (4)

  7. Conceptual framework Water Quality data Biological data Relationship Distant from known point source Line intercepted transect Water quality index Belt transect Effect on coral and algal assemblage

  8. Water quality data Ten parameters • Nitrite • Nitrate • Ammonia • Phosphate • Dissolved oxygen (DO) • Total suspended solid (TSS) • Salinity • pH • Transparency • Temperature

  9. Water quality data Two seasons • Wet • Dry Three different depths • Surface • Mid-water • Near bottom Five sampling stations • 15 samples per site

  10. Water quality data WQI = ∑ Z score Z score =(xi-)/σ • Calculate from all nutrient data, pH, dissolved oxygen and suspended solids

  11. Biological data • Line intercepted transect (Coral) • Belt transect (Algal) • 3 depth: 5, 10 and 15 meters • 3 lines per sample

  12. Biological data Coral data • Tolerant type: massive, sub-massive and encrusting • Fragile type: branching, tabulate and foliaceous • Dead coral and others substrate

  13. Biological data Algal data • Chlorophyta (Green algae) • Phaeophyta (Brown algae) • Rhodophyta (Red algae)

  14. Result Water quality • Level of dissolved nutrients and suspended solids increasing from low to high polluted sites • Water quality in the wet season (May) is worse than the dry season across all sites

  15. Result Water quality • Water quality index (WQI) was strongly influenced by suspended solids and nitrate level.

  16. Result Coral

  17. Result Coral

  18. Result Macroalgae

  19. Result Macroalgae

  20. Result Summary percent cover

  21. Conclusion • Untreated wastewater discharge from park accommodation and travelling boats appear to be the most probable cause of reef deterioration • The consequences are: decreasing percentage of coral cover but increasing percentage of macroalgae cover

  22. Conclusion • At present, marine tourism is an important component of tourism industry in Thailand. Hence, if the reef quality is declining and tourists are likely to go to elsewhere, then tourism will be affected.

  23. Conclusion • The implementation of management plans to improve and sustain the status of water quality through sewage treatment plan installation or upgrade, is necessary to ensure that the status of coral reef remains consistence, have some recovery and recruitment

  24. Thank you for your time Question? Suggestion?

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