The Millennium Development Goals and Human Development

1. The Millennium Development Goals and Human Development International symposium, Tokyo 9 October, 2002 Sakiko Fukuda-Parr Director Human Development Report Office UNDP

2. An overview • The millennium goals are human development goals • Progress is too slow • What it will take • Nationally: Democratic governance • Internationally: Partnership of rich countries

3. What are MDGs • Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger(1.2 billion have less than $1 a day, 800 million are hungry) • Achieve universal primary education(113 million children are not in school) • Promote gender equality and empower women(60% of children not in school are girls, women have on average only 14% of seats in parliaments) • Reduce child mortality(every day 30,000 children die of preventable causes.) • Improve maternal health(In Africa, a woman has 1 chance in 13 of dying in childbirth) • Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases(40 million are living with HIV/AIDS, 75% of them in Africa) • Ensure environmental sustainability(1.1 billion people do not have access to clean water, over 2 billion to sanitation) • Develop a global partnership for development(ODA declined from 53 to 51 billion from 1990 to 2001) The millennium goals: an overview

4. What are MDGs • Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger • Halve the proportion living on less than $1 a day • Halve the proportion suffering from hunger • Achieve universal primary education • Ensure universal primary education • Promote gender equality and empower women • a. Eliminate gender disparities in education. The millennium goals: an overview. By 2015:

5. What are MDGs • Reduce child mortality • Reduce infant and under-five mortality by 2/3 • Improve maternal health • Reduce maternal mortality by ¾ • Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases • Halt and begin to reverse the spread of HIV/AIDS • Halt and begin to reverse the spread of malaria and other major diseases The millennium goals: an overview

6. What are MDGs • Ensure environmental sustainability • Integrate the principles of sustainable development and begin to reverse the loss of environmental resources • Halve the proportion without access to safe drinking water • Improve the lives of at least 100million slum dwellers (by 2020) The millennium goals: an overview

7. What are MDGs • 8. Develop a global partnership for development • Develop further an open, rule based predictable, non-discriminatory trading and financial system • Include the commitment to good governance, development and poverty reduction both nationally and internationally The millennium goals: an overview

8. What are MDGs • 8. Develop a global partnership for development • Address the special needs of the least developed countries, including tariff and quota free access for LDC exports. Enhanced programme of debt relief for HIPCs and cancellation of official bi-lateral debt and generous ODA for countries committed to poverty reduction. • Address the special needs of landlocked countries and small island developing states. The millennium goals: an overview

9. What are MDGs • 8. Develop a global partnership for development • Deal comprehensively with the debt problems of developing countries, through national and international measures in order to make debt sustainable in the long-term • In co-operation with developing countries develop and implement strategies for decent and productive work for youth. The millennium goals: an overview

10. What are MDGs • 8. Develop a global partnership for development • In co-operation with pharmaceutical companies provide access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries. • In co-operation with the private sector – make available the benefits of new technologies, especially information and communications. The millennium goals: an overview

11. MDGs are human development goals Human development is about widening choices people have in life, to lead a life to its full potential and in dignity. At the core of this process is expanding capabilities: • To be knowledgeable • To be healthy and survive • To enjoy a decent standard of living • To enjoy political and civil liberties, and participate in the life of a community.

12. MDGs are HD goals - a tool of mobilisation and framework of accountability The MDGs represent an unprecedented political consensus on time bound quantified indicators. MDGs are: • Not a new model of development, but • A tool of political mobilization • A framework of accountability for national governments, international donors, and many other actors that have a role in development – local NGOs, international NGOs, womens groups, trade unions, private businesses, the media, the judiciary…….global citizens

13. MDGs are HD goals – a historical perspective on setting goals • Setting goals is the easy part…. • The bad, • DAC commits to 0.7% GDP in 1970; average disbursements in 2000 was 0.22% • Health for all by 2000 set in 1978 • the good, • UNICEF’s immunization goals • and the possible? • The MDGs have mobilized more political momentum than any goals before

14. Progress is too slow: globally

15. Progress is too slow: for many countries HDR2002: MDG analysis – overall (119 countries)

16. Progress is too slow – goal by goal Failing to grow out of income poverty HDR2002: MDG analysis – goal by goal

17. Progress is too slow: which countries are failing

18. Progress is too slow: which countries are failing? The less developed fairing worse

19. Progress is too slow: which countries are failing? Conflict and performance in the MDGS

20. Progress is too slow: which countries are failing?

21. Progress is too slow: which countries are failing?

22. What it will take - nationally Public policy that responds to the needs of ordinary people, especially the poor. That happens when: • Decision makers are accountable to people • Ordinary people have a say in decision making - with one person one voice • Governance is not just efficient but fair and protects human rights, when governance is democratic.

23. What it will take – nationally deepening democracy Deepening democracy requires: • Spread of democratic institutions • Spread of democratic politics

24. What it will take: Deepening democracy

25. Deepening democracy • Direct role – to be able to participate and effect the decisions that effect your life is an integral part of human development • Indirect role – participating in the political process can lead to improvements in other aspects of human development

26. What it will take: partnership with rich countries • Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development • Aid • Debt • Trade • Technology

27. What it will take: partnership with rich countries

28. What it will take: partnership with rich countries Aid from donor countries

29. What it will take: partnership with rich countries Aid to recipient countries

30. What it will take: partnership with rich countries Tariff protection imposed by high-income countries

31. What it will take: partnership with rich countries Subsidizing agriculture

32. What it will take: partnership with rich countries

33. What it will take: partnership with rich countries

34. Thank you For more: see Human Development Report 2002: Deepening Democracy in a Fragmented World www.undp.org/hdro/ And wait for: Human Development Report 2003: The Political Economy of Achieving the MDGs Publication forthcoming in September 2003