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Flood Hazard Mapping Project in Asia

Flood Hazard Mapping Project in Asia. August 2003  KIKUCHI Ryosuke Director of 2 nd Research Department Infrastructure Development Institute - Japan. - Overview of Flood Damage -. Fig.-1 Affected by type of disaster and by period (1973 ～ 1997).

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Flood Hazard Mapping Project in Asia

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  1. FloodHazard Mapping Project in Asia August 2003  KIKUCHI Ryosuke Director of 2nd Research Department Infrastructure Development Institute - Japan

  2. - Overview of Flood Damage - Fig.-1 Affected by type of disaster and by period (1973～1997) Fig.-2 Average occurrence and damage of natural disasters (1975～1999) (Millions) Source： CRED, “World Disasters Report 1999” Source： Asian Disaster Reduction Center, “Data book of Asian Natural Disasters in the 20th Century”

  3. 1.Background • Economic growth, urbanization • Explosion of population • Concentration of population and property • People who have never experienced a flood are moving in increasing numbers to flood-prone areas in many countries. • Residents are less aware of the threat of floods. • They are hardly prepared for floods. • Suffering more serious damage once a flood occurs. • It is time-consuming and costly to construct flood control facilities to lower the risk of flood damage. • It is advisable to enhance local residents' awareness of the • importance of flood protection efforts concurrently with • the steady development of flood control facilities so that • overall flood damage shall be mitigated.

  4. 2. History of Japan(1) Flood Record Maps • Published by the Ministry of Construction • Showing inundated areas during past floods • With Hyetographs, weather conditions, etc. • 1:25,000 – 1:50,000 base maps • Delivered to local government offices, and mass media • Displayed on the billboards of the offices

  5. Flood Record Map for the Tsurumi River Basin June, 1966 Sept.,1976

  6. Public Acceptance of Flood Record Maps Percentage of 4,781 Answers

  7. Public Opinion to Flood Record Map • Indication of present status rather than past records was preferred. (36.9 %of 185 respondents, multiple answer) • Larger and more detailed map to identify individual house was demanded. (25.2 %) • Inundation depth in addition to inundation area was thought necessary. (24.8 %) • More records for other floods requested. (8.3 %)

  8. 2.History of Japan(2) Flood Risk Area Map • Inundation area and depth • Calculation based on a model storm with 150-year return period • Compiled for each river basin • Publication through pamphlets, municipalities’ PR papers, mass media, etc. • Map scale of 1:25,000 to 1:50,000

  9. Flood Risk Area Map for the Tsurumi River

  10. Public Acceptance of Flood Risk Area Maps Percentage of 1,883 Answers

  11. Public Opinion to Flood Risk Area Maps • More information was needed. • Larger map for individual municipality(33 % of 1,799 respondents, multiple answers) • Inundation areas and depths for more frequent storms (17 %) • Evacuation sites and routes (12 %) • No official protest was made despite prior concern. • Necessity of a flood hazard map was confirmed.

  12. 3. Definition of Flood Hazard Map The “Flood Hazard Map” herein referred to is a map that graphically provides information on inundation, as well as on evacuation in an easy-to-understand format. The goal is to quickly evacuate local residents in a safe and proper manner in the event of floods. The map is produced and publicized through a joint effort by those in charge of disaster prevention and those in charge of rivers and hydrology in the respective local municipalities.

  13. 4. Purpose ○ For local residents -Raise the awareness of the importance of voluntary disaster prevention efforts and proper evacuation. - For the prompt and smooth evacuation to avoid injury ○ For local municipalities concerned -Administrative staff to simulate emergency drills and thus urges local municipalities to develop disaster prevention and preparedness countermeasures. (Evaluate land use plan, road plan, refuge center and etc.)

  14. 5. Information in Flood Hazard Map (1) Information for Evacuation ・ Predicted inundation area, Inundation depth, Flood concentration time ・ Historical inundation records ・Areas to be evacuated ・ Location of evacuation places and routes ・Dangerous spots on evacuation routes ・ Rules to follow in cases of evacuation ・Communication channels and systems for information on evacuation ・Issuance criteria for evacuation warnings

  15. 5. Information in Flood Hazard Map (2) Information for educational use ・ Flooding mechanism ・ Topographic features and flooding types ・ Real danger of flood, Predicted extent of damage ・Meteorological information ・ Past flood records (rainfall, inundation, and damage) ・ Rules to follow in cases of flood ・ Explanation and directions to use flood hazard maps ・ Preparedness against flood

  16. Hazard Map (Sukagawa City)

  17. Inundation depth (m) Walking in water is dangerous Walking in water is possible Velocity (m/s) Limits where evacuation on foot in water is possible

  18. Information in Flood Hazard Map

  19. Information in Flood Hazard Map

  20. Information in Flood Hazard Map

  21. Information in Flood Hazard Map

  22. Information in Flood Hazard Map

  23. 6. Effectiveness of Flood Hazard Map According to the questionnaire survey conducted immediately after the flood, the effectiveness of the Flood Hazard Maps was satisfactorily verified as stated below: 1) The majority of the local residents referred to the locations of the refuges on the Flood Hazard Maps, and evacuated to the proper refuges. 2) The number of evacuees was 1.5 times more for those who referred to the maps than for those who did not. 3) Residents who referred to the maps commenced evacuation one hour earlier than those who did not.

  24. Flooding in Koroyama City, August 1998

  25. < Number of evacuees six hours after notice advice to evacuate > Number of evacuees Approximately one hour 1.5 times Those who did not see the Hazard Map Those who saw the Hazard Map Notice to evacuate Order to evacuate Source : “Survey Report on Local Residents’ Reaction during the Rainstorm in Koriyama at the End of August 1988” Katada Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Gunma University

  26. 7. ESCAP/WMO TyphoonCommitteeHazard Mapping Project

  27. ESCAP/WMO Typhoon Committee • 1.Member (14)Japan, Cambodia, China, The DPR of Korea, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Philippines,Republic of Korea, Singapore, Thailand,Viet Nam, USA, Hong Kong, Macao • 2.Compornent(5) • Meteorology, • Hydrology, • DPP(Disaster Prevention and Preparedness), • Training, and • Research

  28. Time Item Content Note 2002 Feb. Working Group Meeting in Tokyo ①Discussions on the operational framework for 11 projects ②Discussions on the contents of workshop in Manila in July 2002 Done July Workshop in Manila and the 2nd Working Group Meeting ①Discussions on the manuals for producing hazard maps ② Discussions on the pilot areas Done Nov. The 35th TC General Meeting and the 3rd Working Group Meeting in Thailand ①Reporting on the project implementation ② Determination of the pilot areas to be adopted Done The schedule of implementation plan

  29. Time Item Content Note 2003 March WWF3 in Japan done Sept. Workshop and the 4th Working Group Meeting in China ①Preparation and discussions of inundation record map ②Discussions on the evacuation centers and evacuation routes ③Discussions on the Warning and Evacuation System Nov. The 36th TC Session and the 5th Working Group Meeting in Malaysia ①Reporting and evaluation of project implementation ②Discussions on the Warning and Evacuation System

  30. Time Item Content Note 2004 July Workshop ①Promulgation ②Training Temp. 2005 July Workshop ①Revision of the Manuals ②Expansion of the projects to other river basins Temp. 2006 July Workshop ①Discussions on the Warning and Evacuation System ② The project evaluation. Temp.

  31. Pilot projects in Asian Countries(10+2) Cambodia China The DPR of Korea Lao PDR Malaysia Philippines Republic of Korea Thailand Viet Nam Japan Myanmar(PANEL) Pakistan (PANEL)

  32. Concluding Remarks In Japan and TC countries, the importance of Flood Hazard Maps has undoubtedly been recognized in recent years, and now the preparation of the maps is progressing in a positive direction. It has not been long since their preparation began, and yet various efforts are devoted to producing more advantageous and more effective maps. The experience of producing Flood Hazard Maps in Japan and TC is hereupon briefly introduced. The respective staffs of the local municipalities involved are highly expected to make their utmost efforts, with marked enthusiasm, in preparing reliable and effective Flood Hazard Maps.

  33. ARIGATO あ　り　が　と　う Thank youfor your attention!

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