ABOLITIONISTS For Body Biography

1. ABOLITIONISTS For Body Biography

2. Underground Railroad The underground railroad helped slaves escape to free states. The dynamics of escaping slavery changed in 1850, with the passage of the Fugitive Slave Law. This law stated that escaped slaves could be captured in the North and returned to slavery, leading to the abduction of former slaves and free blacks living in Free States. 1862 Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. This brought a change to the need for the Underground Railroad.

3. Harriet Tubman Harriet Tubman was born into slavery, but escaped in 1849 to become a leading abolitionist. She became known as “Moses” She led hundreds to freedom in the North as the most famous "conductor" on the Underground Railroad, an elaborate secret network of safe houses organized for that purpose. In response to the Fugitive Slave Act, Tubman re-routed the Underground Railroad to Canada, which prohibited slavery categorically. In April 1858, Tubman was introduced to the abolitionist John Brown, who advocated the use of violence to disrupt and destroy the institution of slavery. Tubman shared Brown’s goals and at least tolerated his methods. Tubman claimed to have had a prophetic vision of Brown before they met. When Brown began recruiting supporters for an attack on slaveholders at Harper’s Ferry, he turned to “General Tubman” for help. After Brown’s subsequent execution, Tubman praised him as a martyr. Harriet Tubman remained active during the Civil War. Working for the Union Army as a cook and nurse, Tubman quickly became an armed scout and spy. The first woman to lead an armed expedition in the war, she guided the Combahee River Raid, which liberated more than 700 slaves in South Carolina. After her death March 10, 1913, she was buried with Military Honors. 1820 – March 10, 1913

4. Frederick Douglass African-American Abolitionist born into slavery in Maryland around 1818. Douglass' best-known work is his first autobiography Narrative of The Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, published in 1845. He was a great orator and spoke very eloquently about his life as a slave, his escape and the abolitionist movement. Many people found it hard to believe he had been born as a slave because of his amazing oratory skills. After the Civil War, Douglass remained active in the United States' struggle to reach its potential as a "land of the free.“ Without his approval, he became the first African American nominated for Vice President of the United States as the running mate of Victoria Woodhull on the impractical and small Equal Rights Party ticket. Douglass held multiple public offices. Douglass was a firm believer in the equality of all people, whether black, female, Native American, or recent immigrant. He was famously quoted as saying, "I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong." 1818 - February 20, 1895

5. Sojourner Truth African-American abolitionist and women's rights activist, born into slavery in New York. She was freed in 1827 when New York abolished slavery, and went to work as a housekeeper. She later became a traveling preacher. She worked along side William Lloyd Garrison and Fredrick Douglass in the abolitionist movement. During the Civil War, Truth helped recruit black troops for the Union Army and tried unsuccessfully, after the war, to secure federal land grants for former slaves. She met with President Abraham Lincoln and with President Grant. She was said to be a 6-feet tall, deep-voiced woman that could bring an audience to tears with her stories. One such speech became famously known as “Ain’t I a Woman?” Sojourner died on November 26, 1883, at her home in Battle Creek, Michigan. 1797 – November 26, 1883

6. William Lloyd Garrison • He was a prominent abolitionist, journalist and social reformer best known as the editor of the radical abolitionist newspaper The Liberator. • A controversial figure, Garrison was outspoken and uncompromising in his stance against slavery, famously declaring, "I am in earnest – I will not equivocate – I will not excuse – I will not retreat a single inch – AND I WILL BE HEARD!“ • While many liberal reformers favored more gradualist approaches, Garrison boldly demanded the immediate emancipation of slaves and often turned his rhetoric on Northerners who disagreed with him, accusing them of "moral lapses." • Garrison saw the U.S. Constitution as inherently flawed because it allowed slavery. • Despite his extreme rhetoric, Garrison believed in nonviolent resistance until the actual outbreak of the Civil War, which he supported as a remedy to slavery. • After the Civil War he was very instrumental in the passage of legislation to end slavery and guarantee the rights of African-Americans and women. December 12, 1805 – May 24, 1879

7. Task 1 You must plan your escape from the plantation in Montgomery, Alabama to Toledo, Ohio. Once you’re in Toledo you will board a boat for Canada. You will plot your escape route on United States map you completed yesterday. Then, write a quick summary of the route you think would be best to reach freedom.

8. Task 2 • Write a short biography on one of the four abolitionists. • Decorate the figure on the other side with symbols and images that represent that persons work and beliefs. • Be creative. • Make it colorful. Have fun with it!

9. 3 – 2 – 1 Name 3 people you learned about today. Give 2 new facts you learned today. Tell me 1 question you still have.