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Look at the picture of each invention. Read the caption/description for each invention. Write some notes about the invention that will help you identify each invention on a quiz.
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Look at the picture of each invention. • Read the caption/description for each invention. • Write some notes about the invention that will help you identify each invention on a quiz.
With your team, brainstorm three degrees for each invention (each degree is how the invention effected either the IR or some part of it: economy, society, country, etc.)
That led to increased production of iron machines: Railroads and Locomotives
1712 The Newcomen Steam Engine • First practical device to harness the power of steam to produce mechanical work. Newcomen engines were used throughout England and Europe to pump water out of mines starting in the early 18th century.
1733 John Kay Flying Shuttle. • The original shuttle contained a bobbin on to which the weft yarn was wound. It was normally pushed from one side of the warp to the other side by hand. Large looms needed two weavers to throw the shuttle. The flying shuttle was thrown by a leaver that could be operated by one weaver.
1764 James Hargreaves Spinning Jenny • It was a hand-powered multiple spinning machine. It was also the first machine to improve upon the spinning wheel.
1769: Richard Arkwright Water Frame. • The water-frame produced fine yarn that was strong enough to be used as warp thread. This meant that handloom weavers could produce a wide range of cotton cloth that was lightweight and cheap. It was also powered by water instead of by hand.
1779: Samuel Crompton Spinning Mule • So called because it was a hybrid that combined features of two earlier inventions, the Spinning Jenny and the Water Frame. The mule produced a strong, fine and soft yarn which could be used in all kinds of textiles, but was particularly suited to the production of muslins (plain-woven cotton fabric).
1785: Edmund Cartwright Power Loom. • It is a mechanized loom that is driven by driving-shafts using water power. In a power loom,precise movements through levers, cams, gears, and springs replicate those once done byhuman hands.
1793: Eli Whitney Cotton Gin. • The machine quickly and easily separates the cotton fibers from the seedpods and the sometimes sticky seeds. It uses a combination of a wire screen and small wire hooks to pull the cotton through the screen, while brushes continuously remove the loose cotton lint to prevent jams.
1807: Robert Fulton • Begins steamboat service on the Hudson River. An American engineer and inventor, he was known primarily for building the first commercially successful steamboat to sail America’s waters.
1830: George Stephenson • Begins rail service between Liverpool and London. • The Liverpool and Manchester Railway (LMR) was the world's first passenger railway operated by steam locomotives.
1840: Samuel Cunard • Begins transatlantic steamship service. He began to think in terms of an “ocean railway” with passengers and cargo arriving by ship as punctually and as regularly as by railway trains.
1856: Henry Bessemer Bessemer Converter • The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation through air being blown through the molten iron.
1866: The Siemens Brothers • They improve steel making by developing the open hearth furnace • This process is faster and less expensive than the Bessemer process.
1836: Samuel F. B. Morse Telegraph. • Morse's invention transformed communications almost overnight. Within ten years after the first telegraph line opened, 23,000 miles of wire crisscrossed the country.
1866: Cyrus Field Transatlantic Cable. • The “Atlantic cable” was installed across the ocean with the idea of connecting the communication systems in US and Europe. The original Atlantic cable laid in 1866 remained operational for almost 100 years.
1876: Alexander Graham Bell telephone. • A device that could transmit speech electrically
1879: Thomas Edison Light Bulb • Contrary to popular belief, he didn't "invent" the incandescent light bulb, but rather he improved upon a 50-year-old idea.
1899: Guglielmo Marconi Wireless • Marconi started experimenting with transmission and reception of messages over a distance, without wires, in late 1894. The distance for transmission and reception of signals was progressively increased, across a room, down the length of a corridor, from the house and then into fields.
