FRBRoo Based Metadata Description and Integration for Art Collections An Ontology Approach

1. FRBRoo Based Metadata Description and Integration for Art CollectionsAn Ontology Approach Presenter: Ya-Ning Chen Ya-Ning Chen1 & Hao-Ren Ke2 1Computing Center, Academia Sinica 2Graduate Institute of Library & Information Studies, National Taiwan Normal University

2. Outline • Background • TELDAP(Taiwan E-Learning and Digital Archives Program, 2008-2012, prior project: NDAP) • Heterogeneous metadata description and integration • Proposed Approach • Use Case • Evaluation • Discussion • Conclusion

3. Background

4. Development in Taiwan • An island with multi-culture and a myriad of creatures •  Land: 36K km2 •  Population: 23M  A melting pot of multiple cultures, including: • - Chinese (Holoh, • Hakka…) • - 20+ indigenous tribes • - Immigrants from • Vietnam, Indonesia, • Thailand… • Home to more than 46,000 species of flora and fauna

5. Content Types Anthropology Archaeology Architecture Archive Artifact Audio & Video Botany Calligraphy & Painting Chinese Classics Geology Journalism & Mass Media Language Map & Remote Sensing Rare Book Rubbing Zoology 5

6. PLATFORM: Union Cataloghttp://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/ Metadata: 5,152,805 Images: 4,012,959 Multimedia: 48,597 TheUnionCatalogofTELDAPcontainsmillionsofdigitalobjectsfrom local & overseas content holders. 6

7. metadata

8. ISSUE

9. Heterogeneous Metadata Integration • An interoperability issue • Diversity • Various communities, including archives, libraries, museums and herbariums. • Various metadata formats and their records, such as CDWA, EAD, DC(Dublin Core), MARC, and so on. • Current approach • DC-based mapping or crosswalk • Semantic relations embedded in metadata elements are ignored and lost during mapping.

10. Proposed Approach • Inter lingua: FRBRoo • Path-based mapping between metadata elements and FRBRoo (Kondylakis et al., 2006) • Semantic crosswalk • Semantic relations • Core classes and properties • Tools: TopBraid • Use Case • The collections of Hwa Kang Museum (HKM) of Chinese Cultural University. • The collections of Chinese Antiquities at the National Palace Museum (NPM) • Question Answering (QA) based Evaluation

11. FRBRoo

12. FRBR • FRBR: Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records. • FRBR is a conceptual model for bibliographic records for literary and artistic works released by IFLA(International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions) in 1998. • FRBR can be also regarded as an ontology for bibliographic universe for libraries.

13. CIDOC CRM • A Conceptual Reference Model for museums released by International Committee for Documentation of the ICOM(International Council of Museums) in 1999. • In 2006 CIDOC CRM was completed with its acceptance as the ISO 21127 standard.

14. FRBRoo FRBRoo Align together CIDOC CRM FRBR From ER model to OO Model

15. Use case

16. HKM Original Items Digitized into Digitized into Multi-spectral images Digital images Described by Described by Dublin Core CDWA Converted from CDWA into DC TELDAP Union Catalog Exported into

17. NPM A: Metadata and DL system Original Item A Event An international Exhibition Has participated in Is part of Is a topic of Original Item B Is described by Published Journal Article B: Metadata and DL system The National Palace Museum Monthly of Chinese Art 故宮文物月刊

18. Path-based mapping

19. Path-based mapping-1 Target Domain Target Path Target Range Source Domain Source Range Source Path FRBRoo Entity Target Path FRBRoo Entity Metadata Element Metadata Element Source Path

20. Path-based mapping-2 Museum’s Object E77 Persistent Item E39 Actor E21 Person E14 Group Hierarchical Relation • /E77 Persistent Item/E39 Actor • /E77 Persistent Item/E39 Actor/E 21 Person • /E77 Persistent Item/E39 Actor/E 14 Group DC’s Creator or Contributor

21. Path-based mapping-3 Literary Work-Library P14 carried out by(performed) F27 Work Conception E39 Actor E21 Person E14 Group Semantic Relation /F27 Work Conception/P14 carried out by(performed)/E39 Actor DC’s Creator or Contributor

23. Topbraid implementation

24. FRBRoo of TopBraid

25. evaluation

26. QA1 • An artifact of museum has transferred the right from creator to museum through an acquisition event and has various formats of digital images. Right owner Acquisition Event Right creator Various digital formats for the same original item. Autumn Begins 立秋

27. Source: http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/11/b1/df.html

28. QA2 • Discover a museum’s artifact that has been involved in an international exhibition held in Germany and selected as a topic in a published journal article.

29. Grid trellis of Round Treasure Box with Indian Lotus Décor (Ch’ing dynasty, Chinese: 清 竹絲纏枝番蓮圓盒多寶格) Source: http://catalog.digitalarchives.tw/item/00/0c/c6/93.html

30. Discussion • One-to-one principle • A shared classes and properties of FRBRoo • Semantic relationships and queries • Ontology-based alignment of heterogeneous metadata integration for museum’s objects and library’s literary works • Keep two different documentation approaches intact and parallel • Align rather than to change one approach and its metadata to fit the other

31. Conclusion • FRBRoo: an inter lingua (i.e., a shared ontology) • Explicit semantic relationships embedded in metadata elements • Transform human-understandable metadata into machine- readable and understandable representation with RDF’s expression • Semantic query • A shift toward the semantic web

32. Thanks for your attention.