Name, event, date

1. Name, event, date Tim Kasten United Nations Environment Programme

2. Urban air pollution a key issue • WHO estimates more than 1 billion people exposed to outdoor air exceeding maximum recommended levels • Up to 1 million premature deaths, up to 1 million pre-natal deaths • Cost of urban air pollution estimated to be 2% of GDP, in developed countries and more than 5% in developing countries (e.g. 7% China, to rise to 13% by 2020) • Local and global effects (climate change)

3. Urban air pollution a key issue - continued • In US almost half of urban residents exposed to harmful levels of ozone; • In Nairobi, Kenya, lead levels are more than 25 times as high as WHO standards; • In Shanghai, China, mobile sources are contributing between 70%-90% to air pollution such as CO, NOx, HC and particulates; • GEF now recognises transport sector as key to CO2 emissions

4. Urban populations – by Region Urban populations in 2000, by region

5. Vehicle Population in Major Indian Cities (In ‘000s) SIAM Source: Motor Transport Statistics of India, 2002-03, Govt of India

6. Partnership for Clean Fuels and Vehicles (PCFV) • established at the World Summit on Sustainable Development, August 2002; • to promote clean fuels and vehicles to address urban air quality • public – private Partnership • Clearing-House in UNEP Headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya

7. PCFV Objectives • the elimination of lead in gasoline and the phase down of sulfur in diesel and gasoline fuels, concurrent with; • the adoption of cleaner vehicle technologies • website: • www.unep.org/pcfv

8. Partners

9. PCFV Activities • Global level • Clearing House at UNEP HQ • Information collection and dissemination (incl. website) • Partners network • Working Groups on key issues • Support to Partners and activities at regional, sub-regional and national levels

10. PCFV – Substantive Activities • Global Working Groups: • Valve Seat Recession • Octane • Sulfur • Public Awareness

11. PCFV and Asia • Increasing activities in Asia in 2005 (PCFV Programme of Work 2005) • Phase out leaded gasoline in countries still using • Reduce sulfur levels • Support introduction of clean vehicles technologies (gasoline : catalytic converters, diesel: PM traps) and clean vehicles • Cooperation with key players (USEPA, CAI-Asia, ADB, UNEP, SIAM, JPEC, JAMA, ….etc. -- all PCFV Partners or in process of joining)

12. Information: Website www.unep.org/pcfv

13. www.unep.org/PCFV