The Origins and Environmental Implications of Pollutants in Car Exhaust Gases

1. The Origins and Environmental Implications of Pollutants in Car Exhaust Gases Francesca Lewis Acid Rain Smog masks

2. Photochemical smog Origins Many of the chemicals we will look at Environmental Implications Many harmful effects including damage to humans, materials and crops A brown coloration that obscures the sky with a yellow haze that lowers the visibility. This drives away tourists from coming.

3. From unburnt fuel Careless workers Diesel engines Contributes to photochemical smog Flammable substances in air Cancer Unburnt hydrocarbons (CxHy) Origin Environmental Implications CxHy + (x + y/4) O2 xCO2 + (y/2) H2O CxHy + (2x + y/4) O2 xCO + (y/2) H2O

4. From incomplete combustion Cars and other vehicles Carbon Monoxide CO(g) Complete Combustion Origin Environmental Implications Contributes to smog Death O2 + 2 C → 2 CO H2O + C → H2 + CO

5. From incomplete combustion Plants, factories and diesel engines Smoke Nausea, difficulty breathing, lung cancer and cardiovascular illnesses Reduce photosynthesis Particulates (C) Origin Environmental Implications

6. Carbon dioxide Origins Environmental implications From combustion of hydrocarbons in petrol Greenhouse effect

7. Nitrogen oxides NOx Origins Environmental implications N2 + O2 = 2NO 2NO + O2 =2NO2 Lightning Combustion of nitrogen and oxygen in air when spark is passed in car engine Toxic to humans, contributes to photochemical smog, acid rain, damage to ozone layer

8. Sulfur oxides Origins Environmental implications S + O2 SO2 2SO2 + O2 2SO3 Combustion of Sulfur or Sulfur compounds in petrol Toxic to humans Damages plants Acid rain