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X-Raying to Find the Argumentation Bones

X-Raying to Find the Argumentation Bones. Every book has a skeleton hidden between its covers. Your job as an analytic reader is to find it. X-ray the book to locate its arguments. X-raying at three levels. Level 1: Terms Word Choice. Reveals the author’s intent.

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X-Raying to Find the Argumentation Bones

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  1. X-Raying to Find the Argumentation Bones

  2. Every book has a skeleton hidden between its covers. Your job as an analytic reader is to find it. • X-ray the book to locate its arguments.

  3. X-raying at three levels • Level 1: Terms • Word Choice. • Reveals the author’s intent. • Example: The choice of the word fight rather than disagreement sets the stage for what is likely to come next.

  4. X-raying at three levels • Level 2: Propositions • Assumptions that may or may not be absolute. • Example: “The sky is dark at night” is indisputable, but “The night sky is threatened by light pollution” is debatable.

  5. X-raying at three levels • Level 3: Arguments • A series of statements supported by evidence.

  6. Example Astronomers and security experts disagreeon the need for regulations that affect the level of lightpollutionin the night sky. Astronomers say that it has become more difficult in recent decades to study the stars, while security specialists assert that crime is reduced in well-lit areas. But increased attention to energy consumption is giving both sides pause. A recent report stated that 25% of the world’s energy consumption is dedicated to lighting.

  7. Argumentation vs. Persuasive • Argumentation is an essential part of persuasion. • Persuasive writing is about convincing the reader to agree with the writer’s point of view. • It doesn’t necessarily require that the information be accurate or complete.

  8. Persuasive Writing • Advertisements

  9. Persuasive Writing • Advertisements

  10. Persuasive Writing • Political Cartoons

  11. Persuasive Writing • Political Cartoons

  12. Persuasive Writing • Propaganda

  13. Persuasive Writing • Propaganda

  14. Argumentation vs. Persuasive • Argumentation requires a formal application of logic that depends on reason and evidence. • The rhetoric of argumentation is based on leading the reader through a series of logical steps that end with a conclusion that has been built on a foundation of information.

  15. Reading Rhetorically • Reading like a detective requires that students read not only to extract information but also to interrogate, or x-ray, the text to determine the ways the author has presented that information.

  16. Reading Rhetorically • One needs a healthy dose of skepticism. • One needs a belief that the reader’s role is an active one. • One needs: • to question the text. • determine the author’s purpose. • consider sources. • challenge the message.

  17. Reading Rhetorically • Entails three factors: • What purpose? • What audience? • In what genre?

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