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Tools & Procedures

Honors Biology Chapter 1 Section 4 SC B-1: Students will demonstrate an understanding of how scientific inquiry & technological design can be used to pose questions, seek answers, & develop solutions . Tools & Procedures. Essential Question:.

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Tools & Procedures

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  1. Honors Biology Chapter 1 Section 4 SC B-1: Students will demonstrate an understanding of how scientific inquiry & technological design can be used to pose questions, seek answers, & develop solutions Tools &Procedures

  2. Essential Question: • How would you compare & contrast a light microscope & an electron microscope?

  3. Metric System • used by most scientists • based on certain physical standards • scaled on multiples of 10 • used in SI

  4. Common Metric Units

  5. more metric units

  6. Analyzing Biological Data • Data Tables • create a table to record information measured in an experiment • name the table

  7. Biological Data • new field of BIOINFORMATICS • Computers used: • To store data • To make sense of data • To collect data

  8. Microscopes • devices that produce magnified images of structures too small to see with naked eye

  9. Light Microscopes • produce images by focusing visible light rays through a specimen • limitations • < 0.2 µ

  10. Electron Microscope • produce magnified images by focusing beams of electrons on specimen

  11. Compound Light Microscope • up to 1000x magnification • light passes through the specimen • uses 2 lenses • specimen dead or alive (if very small) • specimen may be stained to improve visulaization • Stain entire cell • Stain selected organelles or macromolecules

  12. Parts of a Microscope • Appendix D: Parts& Functions

  13. Electron Microscopes • Can produce images 1000 times more detailed than light microscope

  14. Types of Electron Microscopes • TEMs (Transmission Electron Microscope) • beam of e- goes thru specimen • SEMs (Scanning Electron Microscopes) • beam scan across surface of specimen

  15. comparing Microscopes • cannot use living cells • Very expensive • higher resolution • Specimen could be living • Price not an issue • Size limitations Electron Compound Light

  16. Laboratory Techniques

  17. Cell Cultures • Take small sample of cells & place in petri dish with nutrients & allowed to divide.

  18. Cell Cultures • might use the culture to: • test cell responses under controlled conditions • study interactions between cells • select certain cells for further study

  19. HeLa Cells • Taken from a patient with cervical cancer in 1950’s • Cells are still growing!

  20. Bacterial Cultures • Made whenever something has been tested for infection

  21. Cell Fractionation • Separates cells into parts

  22. Cell Fractionation

  23. Lab Safety Rules • Always follow read through lab completely before starting • Always follow instructions • Ask if you do not understand directions • Always wash your hands at end of lab

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