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HIV INFECTION AND INJECTION DRUG USE: The Importance of Gender

Explore how gender influences depression, quality of life, and cognition in HIV-infected individuals with injection drug use. Tailor treatments based on gender for better outcomes.

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HIV INFECTION AND INJECTION DRUG USE: The Importance of Gender

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  1. HIV INFECTION AND INJECTION DRUG USE:The Importance of Gender 1Amy B. Wisniewski, Ph.D. 2Adrian S. Dobs, M.D., MPH Departments of Pediatrics1 and Medicine2

  2. OBJECTIVES • To determine the impact of gender on depression, quality of life (QOL) and cognition in HIV infected, injection drug using populations

  3. IMPORTANCE • By considering gender in the natural history of HIV and IDU, personalized treatments can be developed to optimize outcome

  4. BACKGROUND • Most studies that describe mental health and cognition in HIV/AIDS and IDU have focused solely on men

  5. The National Academy of Sciences recommends that health research include men and women • Researchers should analyze their data forsex differences

  6. Depression, poor QOL and cognitive impairment are known consequences of HIV/AIDS • Women, in general, report more depressive symptoms than men

  7. Men and Women matched by Age Race Education SES IDU Outcome Measures Depression CESD QOL MOS-HIV Cognition Verbal memory Perceptual speed STUDY DESIGN

  8. PARTICIPANTS

  9. PARTICIPANTS

  10. RESULTS More women than men reported depression (CESD > 16)

  11. Women who were both HIV+ and IDU+ were the most likely to report depression (CESD > 16)

  12. Women were more likely to show poor (lower) QOL/physical health scores than men, when adjusted for HIV and IDU.

  13. HIV+ participants were more likely to show poor (lower) QOL/physical health scores than HIV- participants.

  14. HIV+ participants were more likely to show poor (lower) QOL/mental health scores than HIV- participants.

  15. COGNITIVE SCORES • In general, women outperform men on tests of verbal memory • In general, HIV- outperform HIV+ participants on measures of perceptual speed

  16. HIV STATUS AND GENDER INTERACT HIV- women perform best, and HIV+ men perform the worst on a test of delayed verbal memory (p < .05).

  17. SUMMARY • Females are at greater risk of depression than males • This sex difference in depression is most pronounced in females who are both HIV+ and IDU+

  18. Women and HIV+ participants were most likely to report poor QOL scores • HIV+ men were most likely to exhibit poor verbal memory

  19. CONCLUSIONS • HIV and IDU are associated with depression and poor QOL in women, but not men • HIV is associated with poor verbal memory in men, but not women

  20. SIGNIFICANCE • Medical treatments for HIV/AIDS and IDU should be tailored to meet the specific needs of affected men and women

  21. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS • Vickie Sinkler • Rosa Sebree • Samantha Apel • NIH 1R01DA/DKR814-6141

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