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In this chapter, students will learn about acculturation, culture shock, and intercultural adaptation. They will understand the definition and modes of acculturation, symptoms and effects of culture shock, and strategies for avoiding culture shock and engaging in intercultural adaptation.
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大学英语跨文化交际 Chapter 9 Intercultural Adaptation 黑龙江大学外语部
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics Quotation Preservation of one's own culture does not require contempt or disrespect for other cultures. — Cesar Chavez
In this chapter, students will learn how to: 1. understand the definition and modes of acculturation, as well as the factors affecting acculturation 2. master the definition, symptoms, forms and effects of culture shock 3. comprehend the definition and stages of intercultural adaptation, which includes the U-curve and W-curve patterns. 4. distinguish culture shock and intercultural adaptation 5. develop some strategies for avoiding culture shock and engaging in intercultural adaptation Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics Learning Objectives
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics Intercultural Adaptation Acculturation Culture shock Intercultural Adaptation Strategies for Definition Symptoms Definition Avoiding Culture shock Stages Modes Forms Engaging in Intercultural Adaptation Factors Effects U-Curve Pattern W-Curve Pattern Chapter Outline
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics Lead-in Case: Doubts 1. Why does Wu Lian at first feel proud but later depressed? 2. What causes her so many troubles? 3. If you were Wu Lian, would you also feel the same way and how would you deal with the problems?
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics Text A Acculturation ▲ Pre-reading Task: If you go abroad now, what kinds of situations will you be in and what kinds of relationships can you develop with people of that culture? Please list some possible results: Positive Negative Possible Results
Acculturation（文化适应）refers to an individual’s learning and adopting the norms and values of the new host culture. Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics • The definition of acculturation
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics 2. Modes of acculturation is a process in which members of an ethnic group are absorbed into the dominant culture, losing their culture in the process. a. Assimilation b.Integration c.Separation and Segregation d.Marginalization (边缘化) is a process of desiring a high level of interaction with the host culture while maintaining identity with their native culture. Separation is when individuals prefer low levels of interaction with the host culture and associated microcultural groups while desiring a close connection with, and reaffirmation of, their native culture. If such separation is initiated and enforced by the dominant society, this is called segregation. Marginalization occurs when the individual chooses not to identify with his or her native culture or with the host culture.
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics Home New Separation Assimilation Marginalization Integration Segregation The Process of Acculturation
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics Factors Affecting Acculturation Communication Host Environment Predisposition Personal Communication Host Receptivity Preparedness Ethnicity Host Conformity Pressure Social Communication Ethnic Group Strength Personality 3. Factors Affecting Acculturation
Text B Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics ▲Pre-reading Task: Culture Shock It refers to the traumatic experience that an individual may encounter when entering a different culture. Have you ever experienced any strange situations? What were your responses? Tell them to your group members and discuss why you had certain feelings or responses towards these situations. Culture Shock
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics 1. Symptoms of culture shock a. physical symptoms b. psychological symptoms
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics a. physical symptoms Physical symptoms are over-concern about cleanliness of food, bedding, and dishes, extreme stress on health and safety; fear or physical contact with anyone in the new country; great concern over minor pains and skin eruptions; craving “home cooking”; use of alcohol and drugs; and a decline in work quality.
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics Home cooking
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics b. psychological symptoms Psychological symptoms are insomnia, fatigue, isolation and loneliness, disorientation, frustration, criticism of new country, depression, nervousness, self-doubt, irritability, anger, and emotional and intellectual withdrawal.
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics 2. Forms of Culture Shock Language Shock Role Shock Transition Shock Cultural Fatigue Education Shock Adjustment Stress Culture Distance
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics a. Language Shock Language shock occurs when we are unfamiliar with the host language. Many sociorelational cues lie in the domain of human language. If we do not understand the language, we lose the ability to adjust ourselves to the new symbolic environment.
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics b. Role Shock Role shock refers to the feeling of loss of personal status in an ambiguous new environment in which we make efforts to switch our role in order to fit and function well in the host culture.
c. Transition shock Transition shock is used to describe the distress we experience when trying to cope with the multitude of changes required by the host culture. It is similar to the state of losing a close family member, divorce, or geographic relocation.
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics d. Culture fatigue Culture fatigue is used to describe the physical and psychological discomforts experienced by sojourners trying to adapt to a new culture.
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics e. Education shock Education shock is frequently used to describe what happens to international students who try to adapt themselves to academic life, especially when the learning situation is new and distressing.
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics f. Adjustment stress Adjustment stress is a term used to indicate bodily physical tension that signals a person’s readiness to face the challenges of the new cultural environment.
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics g. Culture distance Culture distance refers to the distance between a sojourner’s culture and the host culture and signals the degree of alienation, estrangement, and psychological distress the sojourner feels as a result.
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics 3. Effects of culture shock Physical Symptoms Psychological Symptoms Culture Shock
Text C Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics Intercultural Adaptation ▲ Pre-reading Task: Consult someone from your culture who has been living in another culture for a relatively long period of time. Ask him/her to tell you his/her feelings and experiences when he/she was in that culture.
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics • Definition of intercultural adaptation • Stages of intercultural adaptation
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics 1. Definition Intercultural adaptation refers broadly to the process of increasing our level of fitness to meet the demands of a new cultural environment.
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics 2. Stages of Intercultural Adaptation U-curve Pattern • Honeymoon Period • Crisis Period • Adjustment Period • Biculturalism Period
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics W-Curve Pattern Reverse Culture Shock
Activity: Quiz Imagine that you are going to a large urban American university for graduate study. To evaluate your adaptation potential, rate yourself on the adaptation checklist. Give yourself a score for each item according to the following scale: 1. Poor 2. Not as good as most people 3. Average 4. Better than most people 5. Excellent Adaptation Checklist Total score • Background and Preparation • Age — youth is an advantage • Education — the higher the better • Urban background — city dwellers do better than rural residents • High level of professional skill • General knowledge of the new culture, its history, custom arts, etc. • Specific knowledge of the new situation; city, university, etc. • Oral and written fluency in the language of new culture • Previous out-of-culture experiences • Similarity of home culture to new culture • Personality factors • Tends to be accepting of different ways of doing things • Likes to meet new people and do new things • Stays calm in difficult situations • Pays attention to people and not just to tasks • Can tolerate ambiguous or uncertain situations • Has a sense of humor • Strong but flexible in character • Willing to take risks; not too concerned about social and psychological security • Attitudes and motivation • Voluntarily chooses to be in contact with the new culture • Attracted to the new situation rather than escaping problems at home • Admiration and respect for the new culture • No sense that one culture s superior or inferior to another • Few stereotypes (inaccurate broad generalizations) about the new culture • Health • Robust good health • Good health habits • High energy level
Text D Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics Strategies for Avoiding Culture Shock and Engaging in Intercultural Adaptation ▲Pre-reading Task: Please role-play the following scenario: A is an American student who comes to China to go on with his higher education and he has been in China for 3 months. Now he finds that he sometimes has communication problems with Chinese people and feels very low. B is an American student who has been in China for over 3 years and he tries to comfort A and also tells A how to overcome such problems.
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 Strategies for Avoiding Culture Shock and Engaging in Intercultural Adaptation a. Study the Host Culture b. Study the Local Environment c. Learn Basic Verbal and Nonverbal Language Skills d. Develop Intercultural Relationships e. Maintain an Intimate Social Network f. Assume the Principle of Difference g. Anticipate failure events
Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics Home work and After-class activities • Surf on the Internet to collect the information about culture shock. • Summarize the strategies on how to avoid culture shock and engage in intercultural adaptation.
Now, let’s summarize the key points of this chapter! Chapter 2 Cultural Dynamics
