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Chapter 1 continued

Chapter 1 continued. Tuesday, September 7, 2010. Context influences behavior. Context - Context Minimization Error – Fundamental Attribution Error – . Context-Free / Single Context Assessment. Example: What is competent behavior? Between people/groups

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Chapter 1 continued

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  1. Chapter 1 continued Tuesday, September 7, 2010 How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  2. Context influences behavior What is Community Psychology? (Chapter 1)

  3. Context - • Context Minimization Error – • Fundamental Attribution Error – What is Community Psychology? (Chapter 1)

  4. How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  5. Context-Free / Single Context Assessment • Example: What is competent behavior? • Between people/groups • e.g., ______________________________ • Within people across settings/life spheres • Assessment of a personal characteristic in a single setting (e.g., _____________) What is Community Psychology? (Chapter 1)

  6. Context-Based Assessment • Competence as mastery of culturally defined, familiar activities in everyday life • Examples: • _________________________________________ • _________________________________________ What is Community Psychology? (Chapter 1)

  7. Ecology: • Ecological questions for any construct: • Who is it good for? • Under what circumstances is it good? • With respect to what outcomes is it good? What is Community Psychology? (Chapter 1)

  8. Context-Dependent vs. Context-Free Questions What is Community Psychology? (Chapter 1)

  9. Is self-esteem good? • Who is it good for? • Under what circumstances is it good? • With respect to what outcomes is it good? What is Community Psychology? (Chapter 1)

  10. Practice: Is social support good? • Who is it good for? • Under what circumstances is it good? • With respect to what outcomes is it good? What is Community Psychology? (Chapter 1)

  11. Values & Community Psychology • What are values? “A value is a conception, explicit or implicit, distinctive of an individual or characteristic of a group, of the desirable which influences the selection from available modes, means, and ends of action” – Clyde Kluckhohn (1951) What is Community Psychology? (Chapter 1)

  12. How Values Influence Psychology • Problem definition determines problem solution (Caplan & Nelson) • Values determine what we think is important to study & not study • Values shape how we interpret what we find (heredity/environment I.Q. debate) • Addressing values draws attention to when our values & actions do not match • Ex: Stereotype Threat Studies What is Community Psychology? (Chapter 1)

  13. Why Community Psychology Requires Discourse in Values • Role of “value-free” science in oppression • _____________________________________ • _____________________________________ • Values & social change— values embodied in social arrangements • ______________________________________ • ______________________________________ What is Community Psychology? (Chapter 1)

  14. How did Community Psychology Develop? Chapter 2 How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  15. Think about your past. Think about a pivotal incident that has changed the way you are today. How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  16. Community Psychology “Begins”: Swampscott Conference - 1965 • Started as conference about training professionals for community mental health • Ended up creating new field that went beyond community mental health How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  17. Psychology After World War II • Lab-based • No clinical psychology • No national institutes • Many veterans • Boulder Conference (1949) How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  18. Psychology After World War II: Implications of Boulder • Who goes to VA hospitals? • Who does not? • Who were psychologists then? How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  19. Critical Paradigm Decisions of Boulder Conference • Focus on Remedial Helping Roles • Therapist • Psychological Tester (Assessment) • Internship setting of VA Hospitals • Delineated populations • Subservient to medicine How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  20. Crisis of Therapy: 1950s • Is psychological treatment better than no treatment? (Hans Eysenck) • State hospital patients vs. those not in hospitals • Who got better? How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  21. Crisis of Resources: 1950s • Epidemiological/Prevalence studies: • Midtown Manhattan • Nova Scotia • Conclusion • Too many persons with problems • Not enough resources IF psychotherapy & testing are all we have available Bottom Line: ____________________________________ _________________________________________________ How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  22. 3 Important Developments:Late 1950s-1960s • Deinstitutionalization: Reform in mental health system from hospitalization to community care • Psychotropic drugs allowed individuals in hospitals to return to communities • Inadequate community resources to maintain ex-patients • Realization that community supports needed How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  23. 3 Important Developments: Late 1950s-1960s 2. Mental health consultation • Radiating Change • 3 party system: • _________________ • _________________ • _________________ 3. Paraprofessional Movement • ______________________________________ • Helping roles previously reserved for Ph.D.s How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  24. Emergence of Prevention as Alternative to Treatment • “No mass disorder afflicting humankind has ever been eliminated or brought under control by attempts to treat the affected individual” • WHY? How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  25. First-order change: • Second-order change: How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  26. How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  27. First-order vs. Second-order change • “Musical Chairs” homelessness analogy • First-order change: • Second-order change: How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  28. Early Examples of Preventive Services • Human Relations Service (1948; Wellesley, MA ) • Coconut Grove nightclub fire in Boston • 1st mental health service center to emphasize prevention • consultation to schools/police • Support groups for parents How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  29. Federal Government Steps In: • Community Mental Health Centers Act (1963) • Localizes Services • Creates community boards • Involves paraprofessionals in service delivery • Mandates consultation and education-outreach to the community How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  30. Swampscott Conference - 1965 • Conference on training professionals for community mental health • Ended up creating community psychology How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  31. Community Psychology • New field would concern “psychological processes that link social systems with individual behavior in complex interaction” (Bennett et al., 1966) How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  32. Swampscott Vision • 2 new ways of affecting change • Advocacy for those without adequate social resources • Identification of at-risk groups • Policy advocacy / analysis • Head Start • War on Poverty / Community-based Orgs How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  33. Swampscott Vision • Community intervention / collaboration • Prevention in key social systems (e.g., schools, juvenile justice) • Importance of social environment as influence on behavior How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  34. Swampscott Commitments • Human diversity • Empowerment • Citizen as expert • Theory How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

  35. Next Time How Did Community Psychology Develop? (Chapter 2)

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