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Return of Chinese Rule

Return of Chinese Rule. Ming China 1368-1644. Defining Characteristics. Confucianism Returns Examination System Scholar Class. Mobility through merit. Powerful Military Best seafaring vessels. One of the largest land empires. Defining Characteristics. Urban Revival

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Return of Chinese Rule

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  1. Return of Chinese Rule • Ming China • 1368-1644

  2. Defining Characteristics • Confucianism Returns • Examination System • Scholar Class Mobility through merit • Powerful Military • Best seafaring vessels One of the largest land empires

  3. Defining Characteristics • Urban Revival • Rebuilding of the Forbidden City… • Early attempts at Exploration • Zheng He • Areas of Exploration • 1390 Chinese govt. restricts explorations • 1430 Beijing

  4. I- Political Characteristics A- Emperor moved the government to Beijing 1-Forbidden city was expanded B- Revival of the examination system 1- Stayed in place until the 20th c. 2- exams were largely unchanged C- Large armies 1- firearms not as advanced as the west

  5. II- Economy • A- Comerical Activity was very strong • merchants still had low status in society • confined merchants to one port- Macao • B- Technological innovation was lacking during the Ming • Many inventions from earlier Chinese times were adapted and improved by Europeans • Gunpowder and movable type printing • Chinese did not adapt the improved technology and therefore would lag behind

  6. Trade and culture • A- Voyages of Zheng He

  7. Ming then Qing Dynasties

  8. Jesuit influence in China

  9. Rise of the Manchus (Qing Dynasty)

  10. Rise of the Manchus (Qing Dynasty) • 1644-1911 • People from the North • Open up trade with Europe—Limited • Importance of Tea • Boom of Port Cites… • Government Structure… Canton Dynarchy

  11. Tokugawa Shogunate 1603-1868

  12. Emergence of Tokugawa • End of 1500s – Japan nears anarchy • Ashikaga Shogunate declines; clan wars begin • 3 Lords emerge to fight for control • Tokugawa emerges and claims Shogunate in 1603 Tokugawa Ieyasu

  13. Great Peace • Feudal wars stopped • Unites the daimyo = National unification Emperor in Kyoto • New capital at Edo (Tokyo)… • More centralized: Shogun’s twin responsibilities • Ruling figure & in charge of own domain 1/4 of Japan • Samurai take on administrative duties • Confucianism reemerges to dominate bureaucratic and intellectual life.

  14. Economic Changes -Rise in commerce and manufacturing -Banking and common currency -Rise of merchant class -Regional sea trade

  15. Initial period of openness with West- curiosity about the world- Gunpowder tech. introduced by Portuguese - used by Shogun to defeat rivals - Shogunate would limit production

  16. -Presence of Christian missionaries • efforts led by Jesuits; Francis Xavier • most conversions in southern islands

  17. Japan Emerges as an “External Society” • Self Imposed Isolation 1612: Expelling of Christian Missionaries 1644: Christianity banned - triggered closing of trade relations with the west

  18. Commercial Isolation • Only Dutch Merchants were permitted • Dutch did little to spread Christianity • Only Nagasaki Harbor • Japanese merchants confined to cities and China

  19. Cultural Isolation - Western books were banned - Restricted travel abroad Travel - Rejected idea: “New technology is always good technology”

  20. Why Isolation? • Samurai Culture = warrior dominance • Fear of outside ideas • Island Geography • Shinto beliefs • - uniquely Japanese

  21. Voyages of St. Francis Xavier

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