1 / 14

Chemistry and Cells: Overview

Chemistry and Cells: Overview. Basic Biochemistry. Study of chemical compositions and reactions of living things Organic Molecule with carbon, often large Inorganic All other chemcals in the body. Inorganic Molecules. Water Salts Acids and Bases. Organic Molecules.

milly
Download Presentation

Chemistry and Cells: Overview

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Chemistry and Cells:Overview

  2. Basic Biochemistry • Study of chemical compositions and reactions of living things • Organic • Molecule with carbon, often large • Inorganic • All other chemcals in the body

  3. Inorganic Molecules • Water • Salts • Acids and Bases

  4. Organic Molecules • Carbohydrates: sugars, energy • Lipids: fats • Protein: major players in cellular structure and function • Nucleic Acids: DNA, RNA

  5. Most important molecule of All… • ATP: adenosine triphosphate • ATP + H2O ADP + Pi + energy • hydrolysis

  6. Cell Theory • The cell is the basic unit of life • Every living thing is made of cells • Every cell comes from a pre-existing cell

  7. Parts of the cell • Plasma membrane • Fluid mosaic model • Function: • Protective barrier • Membrane transport • Cytoplasm • Material between the plasma membrane and nucleus • Site where most cellular activities occur

  8. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Mitochondria: “power plants of the cell” • Produce ATP (cellular energy) • Complex organelles, have own DNA and RNA and can reproduce themselves • Ribosomes: site of protein synthesis

  9. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Endoplasmic Reticulum: “network” • Rough • studded with ribosomes • “membrane factory” • Smooth • Involved in synthesis and processing of “fat”

  10. Cytoplasmic Organelles • Golgi Apparatus: “traffic director” • Transports newly formed proteins from the rough ER to their final destination • Modify, concentrate and packages proteins along the way • Lysosomes: the cell’s “demolition crew” • Digests biological molecules • Involved in detoxification

  11. The Nucleus • Control Center: contains entire genetic information • Bound by nuclear envelope • Nucleoli: site of ribosome production • Chromatin: composed of DNA and histones

  12. Cell Life Cycle: Interphase • G1: cells are active and growing • S: DNA replicates itself • G2: growth and final preparation for division

  13. Mitotic Phase: M • Prophase: sister chromatids align, mitotic spindle forms • Metaphase: nuclear membrane fragments, centromeres align at equator of mitotic spindle • Anaphase: daughter chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides of the cell • Telophase: new nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes, cleavage of two cells • See figure 3.30 on pg. 100

  14. Protein Synthsis • Transcription • transfer of information from DNA to complimentary mRNA (RNA polymerase) • Within nucleus • Translation: • mRNA travels to ribosome where tRNA brings appropriate amino acids to align to mRNA codons

More Related