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Lesson 2.2

Chapter 2: Cells and Tissues. Lesson 2.2. Cells. Cells. anatomy and physiology of a cell DNA, RNA, and proteins life cycle of a cell. Anatomy and Physiology of Cells. plasma membrane ( phospholipid bilayer ) regulates in and out movement cytoplasm liquid and organelles inside cell

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Lesson 2.2

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  1. Chapter 2: Cells and Tissues Lesson 2.2 Cells

  2. Cells • anatomy and physiology of a cell • DNA, RNA, and proteins • life cycle of a cell

  3. Anatomy and Physiology of Cells • plasma membrane (phospholipidbilayer) • regulates in and out movement • cytoplasm • liquid and organelles inside cell • nucleus • control center of cell

  4. Plasma Membrane Components • phospholipid bilayer • cholesterol • channel proteins • aquaporins • glycoproteins

  5. Membrane Transport • passive • no energy required • diffusion • active • requires energy • sodium-potassium pump

  6. Cytoskeleton • strengthens and shapes the cell • fiber types • microfilaments • intermediate filaments • microtubules

  7. Organelles in the Cytoskeleton • microvilli • increase surface area • cilia • move mucus • centrioles • assist in cell division

  8. Review and Assessment Match these words with 1–4 below: nucleus, cytoskeleton, cilia, passive. 1. no energy required 2. control center of cell 3. strengthens and shapes cell 4. moves mucus

  9. Mitochondria and Energy • mitochondria • powerhouses of cell • energy transformation • glycolysis • citric acid cycle • make ATP

  10. Golgi Apparatus • makes vesicles • move materials out of cell • makes lysosomes • contain digestive enzymes

  11. Ribosomes and Endoplasmic Reticulum • ribosomes • make polypeptides • endoplasmic reticulum • network of membranes • smooth • rough

  12. The Nucleus • enclosed by nuclear envelope • contains DNA • wrapped around histones • nucleolus • makes ribosomal RNA

  13. DNA, RNA, and Proteins • DNA makes RNA • RNA makes proteins

  14. Life Cycle of a Cell • interphase • the mitotic phase • mitosis • prophase • metaphase • anaphase • telophase • cytokinesis

  15. Mitosis • prophase • chromatin condenses into chromosomes, cell membrane breaks down • metaphase • chromosomes line up in the center of the cell • anaphase • centromeres are cut in half, sister chromatids pull toward centrioles • telophase • chromosomes “decondense,” new nuclear membrane forms

  16. Mitosis

  17. Cytokinesis • the cytoplasm divides into two parts, the final step of cell division

  18. Cancer • cancer cell • grows too much • grows where it does not belong • does not die when it should

  19. Review and Assessment Fill in the blanks below with: mitochondria, metaphase, or ribosome. 1.The _______________ is the powerhouse of the cell. 2.The _______________ makes polypeptides. 3. _______________ is a stage of mitosis. 4. DNA is wrapped around _______________.

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