UNIT 4 Chapter 20 – Postwar Social Change Chapter 21 – Politics and Prosperity

1. UNIT 4Chapter 20 – Postwar Social ChangeChapter 21 – Politics and Prosperity THE ROARIN 20’s

2. Presidents of the United States • #21 - … • Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881) • Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884) • Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888) • Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892) • William McKinley; Republican (1896) • Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901) • William Howard Taft; Republican (1908) • Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912) • Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920) • Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923) • Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928) • George Washington; Federalist (1788) • John Adams; Federalist (1796) • Thomas Jefferson (1800) • James Madison (1808) • James Monroe (1816) • John Quincy Adams (1824) • Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) • Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) • William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) • John Tyler; Whig (1841) • James K. Polk; Democrat (1844) • Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848) • Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850) • Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852) • James Buchanan; Democrat (1856) • Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860) • Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865) • Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868) • Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876) • James Garfield; Republican (1880)

3. OBJECTIVES • CORE OBJECTIVE: Explain the social, political, and economic impacts on the United States after World War I. • Objective 5.4: What events fueled the Red Scare in the early 1920’s? • Objective 5.5: How did Republican Presidential policies shape the economics of the decade? • Objective 5.6: How did industrial growth affect the economy of the 1920’s? • THEME:

4. America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 21 Politics and Prosperity (1920–1929)

5. America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 21: Politics and Prosperity (1920–1929) Section 1: A Republican Decade Section 2: A Business Boom Section 3: The Economy in the Late 1920s

6. CHAPTER 21 Section 2: A Business Boom

7. WHAT IS THRIFT? • What does it mean to be thrifty?

8. A Consumer Economy • The 1920s saw the development of a consumer economy • one that depends on a large amount of spending by consumers. • Until the 1920s, middle-class Americans generally paid cash for everything. • Manufacturers developed installment plans and clever advertising to encourage consumers to buy on credit. • Installment plans allow a buyer to make small payments to slowly pay off a product WRITE THIS DOWN!

9. ADVERTISING WRITE THIS DOWN! • By the 1920s, marketers developed a new approach to advertising. • Advertisers used psychology to appeal to consumers’ emotions and insecurities to sell products. • Advertisers target sports figures to sell everything, including breakfast cereal, cars, batteries, and refrigerators.

11. WRITE THIS DOWN! GNP • As consumption rose so did productivity. A measure of productivity is the Gross National Product (GNP). • The GNP is the total value of goods and services a country produces annually. • Productivity rose to meet consumer demand, but it also rose because the nation developed new resources, new management methods, and new technologies. • Electricity created a demand for new products; new products create a demand for electricity in cities • Toasters, Ovens, Irons, Vacuums, coffee pots • New products created a need for higher productivity

12. Ford and the Automobile • In 1896, Henry Ford perfected his first version of a lightweight gas-powered car. He called it the “quadricycle.” The improved version was the Model T. • Ford wanted to produce a large number of cars and sell them at prices ordinary people could afford. • To sell less expensive cars, he adapted the assembly line for his factories. • An assembly line is a process in which each worker does one specialized task in the construction of a final product. • Ford’s success came partly from vertical consolidation — controlling the businesses that make up the phases of production. • Ford was a complex businessman. His pay rate was very generous, but he used violence to fight unions. WRITE THIS DOWN!

13. WRITE THIS DOWN! Industrial Growth • Automobile making became the nation’s largest industry. • Thousands of new businesses arose to serve automobile travel. • Auto-makers used 15% or America’s steel; 80% of rubber; 50% of glass; 7 billion gallons of glass in the 1920’s • Limited government regulation (laissez-faire policies) helped the value of businesses to soar. • Rapid business expansion opened up opportunities for small companies.

14. NEW BUSINESSES • Roadside Restaurants; Gas Stations • Highway Construction

15. SILENT CAL • Calvin Coolidge does not seek a second term in 1928 • Instead, republican Herbert Hoover wins in a landslide victory • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=THYH81s5O9k

16. A Business Boom—Assessment What was the new approach to advertising in the 1920s? (A) It informed the consumer about the quality of the product. (B) It showed the product’s superiority over the competition. (C) It appealed to the emotions and insecurities of the consumer. (D) It helped the consumer to identify the manufacturer. In the United States which group suffered economically in the 1920s? (A) Unskilled laborers (B) Agricultural workers (C) Railroad companies (D) All of the above

17. A Business Boom—Assessment What was the new approach to advertising in the 1920s? (A) It informed the consumer about the quality of the product. (B) It showed the product’s superiority over the competition. (C) It appealed to the emotions and insecurities of the consumer. (D) It helped the consumer to identify the manufacturer. In the United States which group suffered economically in the 1920s? (A) Unskilled laborers (B) Agricultural workers (C) Railroad companies (D) All of the above