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eCommerce Technology 20-751 Lecture 3: Mobile eBusiness

eCommerce Technology 20-751 Lecture 3: Mobile eBusiness. Human Data Interactions. Personal computer Internet PDA Telephone Cellphone Global Position System (GPS) Beeper Movies TV, cable Radio FAX Computer game Print media. Current Status - Low Connectivity. GPS. TELEPHONE.

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eCommerce Technology 20-751 Lecture 3: Mobile eBusiness

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  1. eCommerce Technology20-751Lecture 3: Mobile eBusiness

  2. Human Data Interactions • Personal computer • Internet • PDA • Telephone • Cellphone • Global Position System (GPS) • Beeper • Movies • TV, cable • Radio • FAX • Computer game • Print media

  3. Current Status - Low Connectivity GPS TELEPHONE PERSONAL COMPUTER PDA FAX CELLPHONE COMPUTER GAMES INTERNET TELEVISION RADIO BEEPER MOVIES PRINT MEDIA

  4. After Convergence EVERYTHING IN ONE (VIRTUAL) NETWORK MSDW TradeRunnerSM GPS TELEPHONE PERSONAL COMPUTER PDA FAX CELLPHONE COMPUTER GAMES INTERNET TELEVISION RADIO BEEPER MOVIES PRINT MEDIA

  5. Management Consumers ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( MobileEmployees Virtual Call Center Employees Networked Economy Means New Business Models PhysicalFacilities Network ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( Virtual Corporation Virtual Workforce Virtual Shopping Partners, Suppliers SOURCE:ANIXTER

  6. Networking Demands • Instantaneity, location-independence, mobility • “Anything-Anytime-Anywhere” • nomadic computing • Consolidation of data sources • Phone, PDA, fax, computer, TV, radio, beeper • Multimedia • But: • Internet is principally land-based (fiber) • Phone, cellular and Internet systems are distinct • Devices do not talk to each other • Bandwidth too low for multimedia

  7. Traditional Voice Networking PSTN (Public Switched Telephone Network) Quality of Service Guaranteed Levels of Service One Pricing Model Usage-Sensitive, Distance-Sensitive Architecture Voiceband, Dedicated Bandwidth SOURCE: CISCO

  8. Content of a Conversation Essential Components 22% Repetitive 22% Pauses 56% Over half of the typical voice call is silence! SOURCE: CISCO

  9. Traditional IP Networking IP Network Quality of Service Best Effort Levels of Service One Pricing Model Usage & Distance Insensitive (Flat Rate) Architecture Broadband, Shared Bandwidth SOURCE: CISCO

  10. The World of Convergence Routing Switch Routing Switch Routing Switch ( ( ) ) Policy & Directory Services IP Based transport infrastructure Routing Switch Routing Switch Routing Switch SOURCE: CISCO

  11. LAN Switch Routers Connection Manager LAN Switch LAN Switch LAN Switch Voice-Enabled Enterprise IP Network PSTN Soft Phones Gateway IP Phones IP USB Phones Computer-based Voice Apps Messaging Apps Other Apps Call Center Apps SOURCE: CISCO

  12. PBX PBX F F F RD Internet FAX PSTN • Store and forward and FAX relay • Least cost routing WAN Directory Server POP Internet POP Directory Server FAX Printing Software LEC PSTN Mail/FAX Server Billing Server Redialer SOURCE: CISCO

  13. Video Mail Server E-Mail Server IP Phones IP LAN Firewall Internet Policy / Directory Services Evolution of the PBX - Run Everything On IP Voice Mail Server PBX Server SOURCE: CISCO

  14. Quality of Service (QoS) • Three kinds of packets • Data (delay tolerable) • Voice (delay < 200 ms tolerable) • Video (little delay) • Must meet packet delivery-time requirements • Must treat different packets differently

  15. A QoS Problem - DELAY Usability of Voice Circuit as a Function of End-to-End Delay • To hit the target: • Eliminate PC delay • Lower network latency • Tighten network jitter Usability factor Fax Relay,Fax Broadcast Toll Quality Satellite CB Radio I-Phone Today Time (msec) SOURCE: CISCO

  16. Voice Quality vs. Cost Utility Business Unacceptable Toll Cellular Voice PCM Voice over ATM Cost Voice over Frame Relay (Intranet) (Internet) Voice over IP Quality

  17. Quality of Service on 1 Slide • Routers cannot not store state information about packets: too slow. • Technique: mark each packet with a simple flag indicating how to treat it.

  18. Differentiated Forwarding • Each router sorts packets into queues via differentiated services (DS) flag • Queues get different treatment (e.g. priority, share of bandwidth, probability of discard) • Result is coarsely predictable class of service for each DS field value. • Cost of transmission varies by type of service.

  19. Converged Networks: Value Proposition • Value goes up with distance • Value goes up with ubiquity across the Enterprise • Value goes up with integrated functionality • Value goes up with quality Value

  20. MACROCELL: $1M FAST-MOVINGSUBSCRIBERS PICOCELLS MICROCELL: $250K SLOW-MOVINGSUBSCRIBERS Fundamental Mobility: Cellphones GEOGRAPHIC CELL LAYOUT

  21. Curvilinear triangle z has choice of 3 cells Idealized circular omnidirectional cells Minimum performance contour z A x y B Handover threshold contour Distance x-y should be sufficient for fastest vehicle to stay in darker band during the slowest handover Cell Handover SOURCE: R. C. LEVINE, SMU

  22. Bluetooth A standard permitting for wireless connection of: • Personal computers • Printers • Mobile phones • Handsfree headsets • LCD projectors • Modems • Wireless LAN devices • Notebooks • Desktop PCs • PDAs

  23. Bluetooth Characteristics • Operates in the 2.4 GHz Industrial-Scientific-Medical (ISM) (unlicensed)! band. Packet switched. 1 milliwatt. Low cost. • 10m to 100m range • Uses Frequency Hop (FH) spread spectrum, which divides the frequency band into a number of hop channels. During connection, devices hop from one channel to another 1600 times per second • Bandwidth 1-2 megabits/second • Supports up to 8 devices in a piconet (two or more Bluetooth units sharing a channel). • Built-in security. • Non line-of-sight transmission through walls and briefcases. • Easy integration of TCP/IP for networking.

  24. Mobile E-Business Challenges • Location dynamically changing • Asymmetric cost function • Low power devices • Limited storage on mobile devices • Frequent disconnection / loss of service • Security • Low display and multimedia capability

  25. Wireless Mobility Satellite Regional Area Emerging Connectivity Solutions: Cellular, Satellite, Microwave, and Packet Radio Wide Area Local Area SOURCE: CISCO

  26. Mobile IP Provides Seamless Connectivity Conferences Home Internet ISP Access through the Internet Dialup Hotel Commuting Meeting Rooms LANs and VLANs Cellular or Mobile SOURCE: CISCO

  27. 1,400,000,000 1,200,000,000 1,000,000,000 Cellular Subscribers 800,000,000 Internet PC's 600,000,000 400,000,000 WAP Handsets 200,000,000 - 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Mobile Commerce Growth SOURCE: DANET

  28. Internet MobileNetwork WAP Applications Web Content Server Non Mobile Internet User WAP Gateway Mobile Terminal Database Server SOURCE: DANET

  29. WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) • Communication between a mobile phone and a server connected to the phone network • Uses WML (Wireless Markup Language) • WAP specification (pdf file) • WAP simulator

  30. Ubiquitous Computing • Average U.S. house has 15 microprocessors (1999) • Average new U.S. car has 7 microprocessors (1999) • Sensors • temperature, humidity, fluid level • microphones, cams • body-embedded (personal status monitor) • Wearable computers • Active badge (AT&T Cambridge) IR detection

  31. Ubiquitous Computing SOURCE: INTERSHOP

  32. GPS Satellite Constellation • Global Positioning System • Operated by USAF • 25 satellites • 6 orbital planes at a height of 20,200 km • Positioned so a minimum of 5 satellites are visible at all times • Reciever measures distance to satellite SOURCE: NAVSTAR

  33. 11,000 miles Trilateration One measurement narrows down our position to the surface of a sphere We're somewhere on the surface of this sphere. SOURCE: TRIMBLE NAVIGATION

  34. Intersection of two Spheres is a circle Trilateration Second measurement narrows it down to intersection of two spheres SOURCE: TRIMBLE NAVIGATION

  35. Trilateration Third measurement narrows to just two points SOURCE: TRIMBLE NAVIGATION

  36. Trilateration Fourth measurement will decide between two points SOURCE: TRIMBLE NAVIGATION

  37. DGPS Reference Station Positioning by Differential GPS Civilian accuracy < 30 feet Military accuracy < 1 foot SOURCE: NAVSTAR

  38. Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) • Benefits of AVL • Fast dispatch • Customer service • Safety, security • Digital messaging • Dynamic route optimization • Driver complicance • Sample AVL Users • Chicago 911 • Inkombank, Moscow • Taxi companies SOURCE: TRIMBLE NAVIGATION

  39. GPS Applications • Cellphone/GPS child locator (NTT) • Monitor shipments • Truck/rolling stock/airplane tracking • Precision farming • Locating stolen cars • Tour buses • Fishing fleets • Roadside service • Construction projects (Chunnel)

  40. Q A &

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