Question?

1. Question? • How does science affect you in your daily life?

2. Some different types of science • Biology • Astronomy • Meteorology • Chemistry • Geology • Hydrology

3. So, how does science impact me?

4. Bell Ringer What does science mean to you?

5. What is Science? • An organized way of using evidence to learn about the natural world • Concepts cannot be made up

6. How do scientists think? • Start with observations • A process of gathering information in an orderly way • Example – my computer won’t start. WHAT WOULD YOU DO? • Information collected is called data

7. 2 categories of data • Quantitative – based on numbers • Ex) there are 5 eggs in the nest she owns 75 pairs of shoes • Qualitative – descriptive information that involves characteristics and cannot be counted • Ex) the group appears to be happy they must be hungry

8. What do we do with data • Use it to make an inference • A logical interpretation based on prior knowledge or experience • Ex) OK drinking water?

9. Explaining and interpreting evidence • PROBLEM • What is the ball made out of? What would be your plan of action to try to answer the question?

10. What’s the ball made out of? • Compare and Contrast • Smell • Feel • Sound (black box) (scientific method graphic organizer)

11. Scientific Method • State a problem and research it • Form a hypothesis • “if _______, then ________” statements • A proposed scientific explanation • Done using prior knowledge, logical inference and informed/creative imagination

12. Scientific method • Setting/Performing a controlled experiment • Write out detailed procedure and conduct • Only 1 variable changed at a time • 3 variable types • Controlled – stays the same • Manipulated – deliberately changed • Responding –happens as a result of the manipulation • Observe, recording and interpret results • Drawing a conclusion • What happened?

13. LEGO Procedure Lab • Can your procedure be replicated? • Behind a screen, assemble 10 blocks into an unusual structure. Write directions that others can use to replicate that structure without seeing it. • Exchange directions with another team. Replicate the team’s structure by using its directions. • Compare each replicated and original structure. Identify which parts of the directions were clear and accurate, and which were unclear or misleading.

14. Post LEGO lab questions • How could you have written better directions? • Why is it important that scientists write procedures that can be replicated?

15. When you cannot experiment • Sometime need to observe in natural setting (field studies) • Sometimes experiments are not ethical • human/animal right controversies • So, they may try larger investigations • Ex) use a group already exposed to a substance

16. Result of many investigations • Theory – a well tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations • a particular hypothesis that has evidence support from many investigations • May be dominant view, but not absolutely true

17. Biology • The study of life • What makes something live? • Needs to have the characteristics possessed by living things

19. Characteristics of Life - Video http://videos.howstuffworks.com/hsw/8490-understanding-cells-the-characteristics-of-life-video.htm • Reproduce • Sexual • Asexual • Grow/Develop • Respond to Environment/Move • Stimulus – a signal to which an organism responds • Obtain & Utilize Energy • Metabolism – breaking down and building up of materials to carry out life processes

20. More Characteristics of Life • Adaptations Evolution - the changing of an organism over time • Made of Cells The smallest live unit of an organism • Contain DNA Universal genetic code • Maintain Homeostasis The process of maintaining stable internal conditions

21. Important Qualities of Biology • As organisms grow, they are able to evolve • Allows the living world to be very diverse Among different organisms and similar organisms

22. How do we know all this stuff? • Remember… • Science is a collection of facts that are proven to be true through the use of research • Scientists use a series of steps to investigate answers to questions they may have • Scientific Method

23. Reinforcement name the characteristic of life described in each example. • That boy shot up five inches in only one year. • Our cat had a litter of kittens yesterday. • Eat a good breakfast and you will run longer. • When that car moved, our cat ran under the porch. • The owls night vision allows it to see mice on the darkest of night. • Single celled organisms live in that pond. • Your body normally maintains a temperature of 98.6 F. • Scientists can prove if 2 organisms are similar by looking at their chemical make-up.

24. Reinforcementdetermine if the following describes a living or non-living thing. • Rust on a car • An apple on a tree • Bacteria • Lightning • Dinosaur Fossil • A wasp

25. Tools and Procedures • Use same standards in order to replicate procedures • Measuring – metric system (meter, liter, gram, Celsius) • Analyzing – tables and graphs • Microscopes – magnify images not seen by naked eye

26. Techniques • Cell cultures – making many cells from 1 cell • Cell fractionation – separating 1 part of a cell from another • Safety – remember to always be SAFE!