Civil War Battles and their Significance

1. SOME BATTLES HAVE TWO NAMES! Union named battles after geographic features. Confederacy named battles after nearest city.

2. Battle of Bull Run (Manassas): July 21, 1861

3. Battle of Bull Run (Manassas): July 21, 1861

4. The Battle of Bull Run (Manassas if you’re a Southerner)

5. Battle of Bull Run (Manassas): July 21, 1861 Significance? • Proved war would not be one-sided • Union leadership changes – Winfield Scott to George McClellan

6. Battle of Shiloh: April 6-8, 1862

7. Battle of Shiloh: April 6-8, 1862

8. Battle of Shiloh

9. Battle of Shiloh: April 6-8, 1862 • Significance? • Could have been huge CSA victory • Secures TN for Union, begins control of West

10. Only Battle in Arizona April 1862 • Battle of Picacho

11. What role did women and African Americans play in the war? • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BYCF8ALSYZw • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q_0tD7-FTEI

12. Peninsula Campaign: March-July, 1862

13. Peninsula Campaign: March-July, 1862 Peninsular Campaign What? Plan to speed up the end of the Civil War launching massive effort to seize CSA capital at Richmond. How? Series of 10 battles in 7days (often called Seven Days Campaign).

14. Peninsula Campaign: March-July, 1862 • Significance? • Union all-out effort failed miserably • Lee used knowledge of land to outwit McClellan

15. Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg): Sept 17, 1862

16. The Diplomatic Struggle • The South traded cotton to many European countries for the supplies they needed • From 1861 to 1862, the South used “cotton diplomacy” to get England & France to aid them: • Napoleon III favored the South but wanted England to do so 1st • England chose a hands-off policy

17. Lee realizes the South needs an ally – he believes a major victory in the north (take Harrisburg, PA) will attract an ally. Battle Map - Lee’s plan to invade the North was discovered by a soldier on battlefield (“Special Order 191”) - Union General George McClellan met the Confederacy at Sharpsburg, MD (Antietam Creek) - Single bloodiest day in American History

20. Battle of Antietam

21. After the Battle of Antietam…

22. After the Battle of Antietam, McClellan lets Lee’s tattered force escape into Virginia – he is dismissed. Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation Lee’s force is weak – follow them and end the war! What did the Proclamation really accomplish? NO - - they might have more numbers than we think! You have a case of the “slows” – you’re fired!

23. 1807

24. The Proclamation only frees slaves living in Confederate states. • Turns the focus of the war: it was a war over “states’ rights”, now a war over slavery • Europe, particularly England and France, refused to help the Confederacy. How could they back a war to promote slavery when they had already outlawed it? • Slaves start rebelling in the South – creates further tension

25. Battle of Antietam (Sharpsburg): Sept 17, 1862 • Significance? • Lee invasion of North repelled • Bloodiest day in US history • Lincoln keeps foreign allies against South with Proclamation • Change from McClellan to Burnside The origin of the term “sideburns”

26. Battle of Fredericksburg: December 15, 1862

27. Battle of Fredericksburg: December 15, 1862 The Battle of Fredericksburg saw more troops engaged than any other battle of the American Civil War (almost 200,000 men). It also involved the first major opposed river crossing in the nation’s history.

28. Burnside (U) plans to invade the South and capture the capital (Richmond). • Known as the Union’s biggest “folly” • Lee (C) has his men “dug in” behind a stone wall at Marye's Heights, the highest point Click here for battle animation!

29. The Battle of Fredericksburg

30. Battle of Fredericksburg: December 15, 1862 Significance? • Union embarrassed…again! • Prompts more leadership changes with Union (Burnside to Joe Hooker)

31. Battle of Chancellorsville: May 6, 1863

32. Battle of Chancellorsville: May 6, 1863

33. Battle of Chancellorsville

34. Battle of Chancellorsville: May 6, 1863 Significance? • Lee’s greatest victory (defeats Union force twice his size) • Lee loses “right hand man” (Stonewall Jackson) due to friendly fire

35. Battle of Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863

36. Battle of Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863

37. Battle of Gettysburg Remember the Titans

38. Assignment • What lessons of Gettysburg can be applied to today?

39. Battle of Gettysburg: July 1-3, 1863 Significance? - Lee’s second invasion was thwarted • 20k more Union casualties, but turning point in war for South • Only battle fought in the north.

40. Gettysburg Address Close Reading • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yKHHua1BwV0

41. Siege of Vicksburg: July 4, 1863

42. Siege of Vicksburg: July 4, 1863

43. The Seige of Vicksburg

44. Siege of Vicksburg: July 4, 1863 • Significance? • Union now controls Mississippi River • Grant made commander of Army of Potomac

45. Sherman’s March to the Sea: Nov – Dec, 1864

46. Grant began a siege on Richmond and… Due to Grant’s success in the west, Lincoln made Grant supreme commander of Union army in 1864; Grant devised a strategy to invade the South on all fronts In July 1863, General Grant took Vicksburg & gained control of the Mississippi River The Civil War Lee led an attack into the North, but lost at Gettysburg; North’s 1st real victory in the east William Sherman began his “march to the sea” (Atlanta to Savannah) & destroyed everything of military value

47. Sherman's March

48. “Sherman’s Neckties” • Significance? • Demoralizes the South • - Everything of value is destroyed (homes, fields, etc.)

49. Andersonville Prison: Dec, 1864

50. MAP 1: Civil War Prison Camps