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1920’s

1920’s. Ideas. Einstein – physics Freud – psychology Existentialism – there is no universal meaning to the world Kafka – unexplained threats/suffering Picasso – Cubism Stravinsky – music (also Jazz) Women’s roles begin to change Technology – radios!. Picasso. Economics.

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1920’s

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  1. 1920’s

  2. Ideas • Einstein – physics • Freud – psychology • Existentialism – there is no universal meaning to the world • Kafka – unexplained threats/suffering • Picasso – Cubism • Stravinsky – music (also Jazz) • Women’s roles begin to change • Technology – radios!

  3. Picasso

  4. Economics • Roaring Twenties • US citizens lend money to Germany • Germany makes reparations payments to Great Britain and France • Great Britain and France repay loans to US • WHY??? To jumpstart economies. • German mark devalued • 1913 – German mark = $2.38 • 1922 – 100 German marks = $0.01 • 1929 – American stock market crashes

  5. Politics • League of Nations • Dominated by UK and France (because USA was not a member) • Alliances begin to form again for “protection” • 1925 – Locarno Treaty • Guarantee of existing borders • What’s the problem? • 1928 – Kellogg-Briand Pact “outlaws” war, yet there are no consequences for starting one? • Disarmament Conference • People don’t kill people. Guns kill people. • Japan gains concessions to keep more arms.

  6. The Rise of Fascism • What is fascism? • Strong nationalism + centralized power + dictatorial rule + limited rights • Origins? • Roman fasces • Why? • People wanted the comfort of a strong leader in times of economic and political turmoil. • Socialism is a threat.

  7. Fascism • Italy • Resentment of Versailles – had wanted more territorial gains • Mussolini • Promised to revive economy • Promised to rebuild army • Used “thugs” • Germany • Resentment of Versailles – crushing burden of reparations and “war guilt”, as well as being denied military equality • Hitler

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