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How are Rocks classified

How are Rocks classified. Chapter 7 Lesson 2 Pages 274-281. Igneous Rock p. 274. Igneous rock is rock that is formed when melted rock hardens. Magma is melted rock inside the Earth. Lava is melted rock at the Earth’s surface. Crystallization is the hardening of magma into rock.

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How are Rocks classified

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  1. How are Rocks classified Chapter 7 Lesson 2 Pages 274-281

  2. Igneous Rock p. 274 • Igneous rock is rock that is formed when melted rock hardens. • Magma is melted rock inside the Earth. • Lava is melted rock at the Earth’s surface. • Crystallization is the hardening of magma into rock.

  3. Igneous Rock p. 274Intrusive • Intrusive rock cools underground, deep within the Earth’s crust. • Characteristics of intrusive igneous rock: • --Intrusive rocks cooled slowly. • --Intrusive rocks have large crystals. • --These rocks have coarse texture. • Examples: Granite and Diorite

  4. Granite Diorite

  5. Igneous Rock p. 274Extrusive • Extrusive igneous rock is rock that cools on the Earth’s surface. • Extrusive rock cools quickly on the surface. • Extrusive rock has fine grains or even no crystals at all and • looks glassy • Examples: Obsidian, Pumice and Rhyolite

  6. Igneous Obsidian

  7. Igneous Rhyolite

  8. Igneous Pumice

  9. Sedimentary Rock p. 276 • Sedimentary rock is rock that forms when layers of sediment settle and bind together. • There are two main groups of sedimentary rock, Clastic and Chemical

  10. Sedimentary Rock p. 276Clastic • Clastic-The word comes from the Greek word that means “broken”. • Process begins when rock is broken through weathering. • Wind and water move sediment to new places, layers build up; minerals bind layers. • Layers are pressed and cemented together. • Clastic rocks are classified by size of particle.

  11. Sedimentary Rock p. 276Clastic • Examples of clastic sedimentary rock • Fine particles form shale. • Medium particles form sandstone. • Coarse pebble-sized particles with smooth edges form conglomerates.

  12. Sedimentary Shale

  13. Sedimentary Sandstone

  14. Sedimentary Conglomerate

  15. Sedimentary Rock p. 276Chemical • Chemical sedimentary rocks form when chemicals in water come out of the water (evaporate) and form solids. • Example: Limestone (may contain fossils)

  16. Sedimentary Limestone

  17. Metamorphic Rock p. 278 • - Meta means “change”. • How metamorphic rock is made: • Igneous or sedimentary rock is changed by • PRESSURE • HEAT – high temperature, very hot water • BOTH

  18. Metamorphic Rock p. 278 • Metamorphism is the process by which rock is changed into metamorphic rock. • The main cause is high temperature-deep inside the Earth or in lava/magma. • Minerals melt and then crystalize into new minerals.

  19. Metamorphic Rock p. 278 • Regional Metamorphism takes place over a large area • Mountain building • Contact metamorphism changes a smaller area by magma or lava touching rock and changing the rock that was touched.

  20. Metamorphic Rock p. 278 • Examples • Shale becomes SLATE. • Slate becomes SCHIST. • Schist becomes GNEISS. • Limestone becomes MARBLE.

  21. Metamorphic Shale becomes SLATE.

  22. Metamorphic Slate becomes SCHIST.

  23. Metamorphic Schist becomes GNEISS.

  24. Metamorphic Limestone becomes MARBLE.

  25. Uses of Rock p. 280

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