Data Matrix

1. Data Matrix PURPOSE: To effectively organize your information for creating an outline and writing your paper

2. What is the “Data Matrix”? • Essentially, you are taking all of the information you plan to use from your sources and organizing it in one easy-to-access and organized place.

3. First, number all of your research. For example, if you have printed off five different articles, number them one through five. • Refer to them by these numbers as you are organizing your information and preparing to write. • DO NOT LOSE ANYTHING!!

4. In case you forgot what you’re supposed to do… • You will take the highlighted information from your sources and transfer that to a slide. • Then, in parentheses, add the author name (if there is one). If not, use the title of the article (in quotation marks). Follow the author name or title by either the page number (book, magazine, etc.). If you do not have the page number, you will not use a number.

5. Reminders! • Don’t forget to do your citations as you go. It will be much easier if you do them now than when you are writing your paper. If you don’t do it now, you won’t know where you got the information from, and you’ll have to go through your research again. • Ex: (“Elvis: Superstar”). • If you have questions about how to cite correctly, make sure you ASK. • Go ahead and add as many slides as you need; I have made ten for you to start. You will eventually organize them by topic. Don’t forget to put a topic on each slide; again this will save you time down the road. • Last: Make sure you’re not putting too much information on each slide. Make them easy to read and use later on!

6. In-Text Citations Examples: • Author name and page number: (Brown 32) • No author, title of article (NOT the source) and page number: (“School Violence Today” 5)

7. Topic: CultureSub-topic: Elvis’s Childhood EXAMPLE SLIDE “Despite his musical talent, Elvis was shy and suffered from feelings of inferiority because of his family's poverty. He overcame some of these feeling by bringing his guitar to school and playing it whenever he could” (Graf).

8. Topic: Gang Violence Sub-topic: Introduction to the issue/Culture/Economy “Urban gun battles drive schoolchildren to the floors of their classrooms and entire villages into flight; noncombatants die in the crossfire; others, unfortunate enough to cross paths with pitiless irregulars, are hacked to death or beheaded. The national economy falters because of the rising chaos and uncertainty. Tensions rise along the border of a neighboring nation as some seek to escape the violence any way they can” (“The War Next Door” 2).

9. Research topic: DivorceName: Government, Culture, and Economy

10. Paper Thesis Statement • Divorce has an effect on the United States government, culture, and economy because laws must be put in place to regulate custody, support, and dividing of assets, there are affects on both children and parents, and divorce is very expensive considering legal fees and taxes.

11. Topic: CultureSub-topic:Changes in Marriage Duration at Divorce (Stats) • “Fifty year ago, divorcing couples were more frequently ending a marriage of relatively short duration. For example, of those who divorced between 1955 and 1959, 43.3% had been married fewer than five years” (Oldham 3).

12. Topic: CultureSub-topic:Changes in Marriage Duration at Divorce (Stats) • “Of those divorcing between 1990 and 1994 (the last cohort reported on), 24.8% had been married fifteen years or more” (Oldham 3).

13. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Divorce Statistics • “Divorce ends 40–50% of first marriages in the US, affecting 1 million children per year” (Bates et al. 117).

14. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Stats • “A recent report indicated that the fastest growing marital status category was divorce, with the number of divorced adults quadrupling from 4.3 million in 1970 to 18.3 million in 1996” (Leukfeld et al. 269).

15. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Stats • “For example, in 1994 there were 11.4 million single parent households in the United States, a number equaling 31% of all parent–child living arrangements” (Leukfeld et al. 269).

16. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Stats • “While 40% of first marriages end in divorce, it is nearly 60% for marriages beyond the first” (Stein and Oler 290).

17. Topic: CultureSub-topic:Father-Child Relationships After Divorce • “For example, quality may diminish because of the father’s personality, because of ambiguities and frustrations of the ‘‘visiting’’ parent role, or because of the father’s remarriage and new children. Quality may also diminish in cases where the mother holds hostile attitudes as gatekeeper of the father–child relationship, the mother relocates, or the mother remarries. Notably, although prospective studies indicate elevated levels of problems in the father–child relationship among families who eventually divorce, these studies also reveal that divorce can further erode closeness between fathers and their children” (Kenyon and Koerner 792-793).

18. Topic: CultureSub-topic:Father-Child Relationships After Divorce • “factor that may influence the quality of the post-divorce father–adolescent relationship is adolescents’ exposure to maternal complaints and criticisms about their father” (Kenyon and Koerner 793).

19. Topic: CultureSub-topic:Father-Child Relationships After Divorce • “Following parental divorce many adolescents get exposed to sensitive maternal disclosures post-divorce financial concerns, and anger/complaints about the adolescent’s father” (Kenyon and Koerner 793).

20. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Children • “Specifically, after divorce, children do better when there is less parental conflict” (Bates et al. 117).

21. Topic: CultureSub-topic: Affects on Children • “There is more than 30 years of research on the effects of parental divorce on child development. Studies have reported a link between divorce and depression, reduced educational attainment, early assumption of high risk behaviors (i.e., early sexual activity, nonmarital childbirth, and earlier marriage and cohabitation), and an increased risk for suicide attempts” (Bailey, et al. 718)

22. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Children and Divorce • “Almost half of all marriages today end in divorce” (Powers 1).

23. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Children and Divorce • Gerner and Lillard found that the probability of going to college was lower for kids from disrupted families than for those whose parents were together” (Powers 2).

24. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Children and Divorce • About 40 percent of white children and 75 percent of black children will live with only one parent or with no parents by the time they reach age seventeen” (Powers 2).

25. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Children and Divorce • It's the many types of disruption caused by divorce, including financial disruption. Money that had previously been pooled to provide for a single household is now supporting two households. This dilution of financial resources means less money is available for college ” (Powers 3).

26. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Children and Divorce • "You don't have to tell me which kids are from disrupted families when I'm looking at their records," says Lillard. "They just look worse because of all the things correlated with divorce” (Power, 3).

27. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Divorce and Family • “Divorce is an injury to the security of an intact family unit. There is a disruption of a family’s immediate functioning as well as plans and hopes for the future” (Karpf and Shatz 7).

28. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Divorce Terminology and Society • “ society still tends to view divorced parents as adversaries. The language associated with divorce contributes to this prevailing stereotype: broken home implies that something needs to be fixed; visitation implies that one parent is a “visitor”; custody implies “ownership.” It is, therefore, helpful to view divorce as a change in restructure of family relationships, rather than an end to them” (Karpf and Shatz 7).

29. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Post-Divorce and Cooperation • “The first two post-separation years are pivotal; most parents find that there is a gradual decline in the intensity of conflict and an increase in the frequency of parental disengagement. Therefore, even couples embroiled in conflict throughout the divorce process can eventually learn to disengage and collaborate” (Karpf and Shatz8).

30. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Child’s Rights • “Each child has the right to understand that the decision to divorce is a parental decision and not his or her choice and/or fault” (Karpf and Shatz11).

31. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Child’s Rights • “Each child has the right to be free from acting as a messenger, spy, scapegoat or mediator and free from interrogation about the other parent’s private life” (Karpf and Shatz 11).

32. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Child’s Rights • “Each child has the right to maintain independent relationships with each parent and to respect the individual differences in parenting styles and personal differences in each home” (Karpf and Shatz 11).

33. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Child’s Rights • “Each child has the right to be free from witnessing parental conflict and from the burden of having to side with one parent or develop exclusive loyalty towards a parent” (Karpf and Shatz 11).

34. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Child’s Rights • “Each child has the right to have regular access and consistent time spent with each parent” (Karpf and Shatz 11).

35. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Child’s Rights • “Each child has the right to not hear disparaging comments made by one parent about the other parent” (Karpf and Shatz 11).

36. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Child’s Rights • “Each child has the right to maintain loving relationships with maternal and paternal extended family members” (Karpf and Shatz 11).

37. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Psychological Affects • “Divorce inflicts multiple disruptions (e.g., financial, residential, emotional) upon parents and children. As a result, divorce is a risk factor for the development of psychological problems among children” (Bates et al. 117).

38. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Psychological Affects • “children from divorced homes have double the risk of psychological and behavioral problems (e.g., depression, delinquent behavior) and an increased risk of academic and social problems, including relationship problems in adulthood” (Bates et al. 117).

39. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Psychological Affects • “Even as adults, many children from divorced families report negative feelings, or ‘distress,’ about the divorce, such as concern about whether their nonresidential parent loves them” (Bates et al. 117).

40. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Majority Live with Mom • “The majority of children with a single parent (86%) live with their mother while the father is usually the noncustodial or nonresident parent (Saluter & Lugaila, 1998). In fact, after a divorce or separation, a sizable proportion of children lose regular contact with their noncustodial parent” (Leukfeld et al. 269).

41. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Living Arrangments • “The National Survey of Families and Households reported nearly one third of the children had seen their nonresident parent only once or not at all in the preceding year” (Leukfeld et al. 269-270).

42. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Living Arrangments • “only about 15% of fathers had sole or joint custody and fathers’ nonresidence with their children was associated with deterioration in the father’s relations with their children” (Leukfeld et al. 270).

43. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Parental (Father) Relocation • “psychological pain at not being able to see their children in the same manner as before the divorce (which causes fathers to remove themselves entirely to reduce the pain)” (Leukfeld et al. 270).

44. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Stats on Relocation • “3% of the custodial parents who could be located moved out of the area within 12 weeks of the divorce filing” (Stein and Oler292).

45. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Relocation • “What is clearer still is that relocations have a significant impact on the relationship to the noncustodial parent. "In the great majority of these relocating families (82%), the move separated the child from the father, because either the mother moved away with the child or the father moved away alone“” (Stein and Oler 292).

46. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Relocation • “"Following divorce, more than twenty percent of children have no or infrequent contact with their non-custodial fathers. Increased distance between non-custodial fathers and their children appears to be related to decreased paternal involvement“” (Stein and Oler 292).

47. Topic: CultureSubtopic: Relocation • “Frequent and consistent contact, school conferences, sporting events, convivial conversations between parents at play dates, holiday celebrations and birthdays are the glue that binds children of divorce with their parents. Relocation creates an inaccessibility factor that jeopardizes these common occurrences in daily living and may eliminate them” (Stein and Oler 292).

48. Topic: GovernmentSub-topic:The Historical Acceptance of Equitable Distribution • “In the last few decades, it became accepted in all states that a divorce court has the power to divide some or all of the spouses' property, and this routinely occurs in divorces today if the parties have property to divide” (Oldham 4).

49. Topic: GovernmentSub-topic:The Historical Acceptance of Equitable Distribution • “in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, a number of states had adopted statutes that gave divorce courts the power to divide property.[ 66] In addition, almost all states had enacted alimony laws, some of which expressly gave the divorce court the power to divide property” (Oldham 4).

50. Topic: GovernmentSub-topic:The Historical Acceptance of Equitable Distribution • “So, until the recent past, in at least some states, the norm evolved that property should be divided at divorce based on title. This norm obviously could have a very negative impact on spouses who did not work outside the home during marriage” (Oldham 4).