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The Nervous System

The Nervous System . Divisions of the Nervous System . Central Nervous System . Includes the brain and spinal cord Is where sensory information is received and motor (movement) control is initiated Protected by bone Brain – skull Spinal cord – vertebrae

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The Nervous System

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  1. The Nervous System

  2. Divisions of the Nervous System

  3. Central Nervous System • Includes the brain and spinal cord • Is where sensory information is received and motor (movement) control is initiated • Protected by • bone • Brain – skull • Spinal cord – vertebrae • 3 protective membranes called meninges • Space between meninges is cerebrospinal fluid (cushions and protects)

  4. The Brain • Brain weighs about 3 pounds • Has hundreds of billions of neurons • You had the maximum number of neurons when you were born • 1000’s of neurons are lost every day and are never replaced • Don’t notice this until later in life when the loss is so large • This is why elderly people often become forgetful

  5. The unconscious brain – parts of the brain that work without us thinking about them • Medulla oblongata • Closest to spinal cord • Controls heart rate, breathing, bp, reflex reactions (coughing, sneezing, vomiting, hiccupping, swallowing) • Thalamus • Receives sensory information (except for smell) from all parts of the body • Sends this info to the cerebrum for further processing • Cerebellum • Balance and complex muscular movement/coordination • Butterfly shaped • Receives sensory info from inner ear

  6. hypothalamus • Regulation of homeostasis • Maintains internal environments • Detects hunger, sleep, thirst, body temp, water balance, bp • Controls the pituitary gland • Link between nervous system and endocrine (hormone) system • Responsible for fight or flight response • Pleasure centers located here • corpus callosum • Horizontal connecting piece between 2 halves of the brain • Transmits info between the right and left cerebral hemispheres

  7. The conscious brain – The cerebrum • Largest most prominent, most highly developed part of the brain • Intellect, learning, memory and sensations are formed here • Divided into the right and left cerebral hemispheres • Right hemisphere controls the LEFT side of the body • Left hemisphere controls the RIGHT side of the body

  8. Left Brain Right Brain Test

  9. What each hemisphere does

  10. Cerebral Lobes • Frontal lobe: movement, higher intellectual processing • Problem solving, concentration, planning, judging consequences • Parietal lobe: sensations • Touch, temperature, pressure, pain • Understanding speech and using words • Temporal lobe: hearing, smelling, interpreting experiences • Memory • Occipital lobe: vision

  11. Spinal Cord • The “super highway” of the nervous system • Contains central canal filled with cerebrospinal fluid • Gray matter • Inner layer • Contains cell bodies of neurons • Looks like a butterfly with open wings • Cells bodies receive sensory information and send the motor information where it needs to go • White matter • Outer layer • Contains long fibers of internuerons bundled together in tracts • Tracts connect spinal cord to brain

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