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Chapter 11

Chapter 11. Cranium Part 2. Skull Classifications. _______________ Average ______________ Long ______________ Short. Topographical Landmarks. ______________ Between eyebrows _____________ line Line connecting outer points (canthi) of the eyes ______________

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Chapter 11

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  1. Chapter 11 Cranium Part 2

  2. Skull Classifications • _______________ • Average • ______________ • Long • ______________ • Short

  3. Topographical Landmarks • ______________ • Between eyebrows • _____________ line • Line connecting outer points (canthi) of the eyes • ______________ • Depression at bridge of nose

  4. Landmarks • ______________ • Area of upper lip and nasal septum • _______________ • Point of lower posterior mandible • _______________ • Tip of chin

  5. Ear Landmarks • ______________ (Pinna) • Large flap of ear • ______________ • Small flap anterior to EAM • ______________attachment (TEA) • Top of ear where glasses sit

  6. Eye Landmarks • _______________ • Points of outer and inner eye • _____________ margin • Superior ridge of eye • ____________margin • Inferior ridge of eye

  7. Skull Lines • _______________(GML) • Glabella to EAM • _______________ (OML) • Outer canthus to EAM • ________________ (IOML) • Infraorbital margin to EAM

  8. Skull Lines • _______________(AML) • Acanthion to EAM • ______________(LML) • Closed lips to EAM • _____________(MML) • Mental point to EAM

  9. Watch out in skull imaging • Watch positioning lines • No __________ • No ___________ • Pt condition • ___________________

  10. Imaging the Cranium Routine • PA Caldwell • AP Towne • Rt/Lt Lateral • Submentovertex (SMV) • 70-80-kV • 40”SID

  11. PA Caldwell • Pt Prone (Upright or Recumbent) • _____________to bucky • No Rotation or Tilt • ___________angle • CR to exit ___________

  12. PA Caldwell • Petrous ridges should be in __________of orbits • Lateral orbital margins ____________ from lateral cranium

  13. PA • Same positioning • ____________angle • Petrous ridges will be _________and orbits will be __________ shaped.

  14. AP Towne • Pt Supine (Upright or Recumbent) • ____ Perpendicular or ____ perpendicular • ______angle for OML or _______for IOML • CR to enter EAM line. _________glabella

  15. AP Towne • ___________equidistance to lateral skull margin. • ______________in foramen magnum

  16. Rt/Lt Lateral • Pt in ______________with head turned in lateral • ______________ line perpendicular • ___________ perpendicular to front edge of cassette • CR directed ___________to EAM

  17. Lateral • Rotation – ______________separation of bilateral structures • EAM • Sphenoid greater wings • Tilt – ____________separation • EAM • Orbital Plates

  18. Submentovertex (SMV) • Various ways to get position • _________________to cassette • _____________________midway between gonion exits vertex

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