Environmental technologies in vine growing and proximity relations :

1. Environmental technologies in vine growing and proximity relations : Lessons from a process of techno-organizational coordination construction Marie-Claude Belis-Bergouignan, Véronique Saint-Ges Congrès VDQS Macerata 27 mai 2005

2. I. Environmental question and public authorities • In agricultural zones, surface and underground water contamination is partially due to pesticides • Punctual Pollutions • Diffuse Pollutions • How can environmental policy induce pollution reduction in the long term? • Orientations and strategies • Plan "Phyto“: geographical and institutional proximities • Advantages of a technological approach

3. II. Strategies of environmental public policy implementation • Public objectives to reduce pesticides pollutions • Reduction of pesticides uses (good practices, reasoned agriculture) • Elimination of dangerous products • Treatment of effluents • Alternative solutions development (biopesticides, biodiversity, biological agriculture…) • Etc… • 2000 - Regulation and voluntary actions • European Union DCE (Directive Cadre Eau) • France Adaptation to the DCE • Regulation: elaboration of a new law for pesticides uses • Incitative program : “Plan Phyto” • Support by existing structures Clepa – Corpen • GRAPPP: New missions

4. II. Strategies of environmental public policy implementation • II.1 A multi level consultation device: National level Agricultural and environmental Ministeries Regulation Plan « Phyto » Definition National Funds National structures CLEPA CORPEN Inter ministeries dialogue Dialogue between agricultural and environmental stakeholders Caracterization and validation of methodological approaches Regional level National representative authority G.R.A.P.P.P Local Dialogue Carrying out action program Regional funds

5. II. Strategies of environmental public policy implementation • Pattern of GRAPPP composition: Dialogue and proximity • Water Agency • Deconcentrated Administrations • User’s Organizations • Professional Organizations (firms, vine growers) • Agricultural Development Institutes • Research Institute or University Laboratories • National Expert « Water, environment, pesticides »

6. II. Strategies of environmental public policy implementation • II.2 GRAPPP stakeholders to operate « plan phyto » • Double missions to determinate regulation frame • Diagnostic and determination of sensible areas • Determination of pollution actions reduction • New actions must be done • Test technologies • Diffuse informations to users

7. III. Technologies: key factor of regulation construction • III.1 Helping development of new environmental technologies. • As Pesticides effluents cannot be thrown into natural environment , traitement technologies (end of pipe) must be used • These technologies exist but their evaluation is necessary to public authorities • The former device (GRAPPP) tested them • But the situation is locked at the local level • Non coordinated Methods– CLEPA defines common protocol • Different actors manage the experimentation • Efficiency Indicators are not satisfactory (diminution of concentration of pesticides) • Funds are necessary • Users : • Do not recognize the experimentation • New regulation implies more constraint • Environmental investment seems to be too expensive

8. III. Technologies: key factor of regulation construction • III.2 A technopole in its role of innovative interface • 2002 – GRAPPP and Technopole collaborate • Technological missions: • Creation of firmes by technological transfert • Helping innovative technologies ermergence creating economical activities • Specific activity sector: Life sciences and agro-industries • The technopole manages an innovative collective action (2002-2005) • Targets: • Determination of environmental efficiency representative indicators to evaluate technologies • Validation of environmental technologies • Level of a Acceptance Technologies by users • Stakeholders • Funds: Water Agency, local community, FNSE • Ecotoxicology appraisail: research laboratories, INERIS, 1 Start-up • Regional environmental technologies ( regional firms) • Ministery expert « water, environment, pesticides »

9. IV. Forms of proximity and emergence and diffusion of technologies Geographical Institutional Proximities Regulation - Ministeries GRAPPP Technologies Validation - INERIS DRAF DIREN Agence de l’Eau Local Communities Geographical, 0rganizational, Technological Proximities Research organisms Firms and Technologies Technopole Wine growers National level Regional level

10. IV. Forms of proximity and emergence and diffusion of technologies • Innovative collective action results • Experimentation: • Local level: Indicators are accepted by actors • National level: this experimental program will be used to evaluate new environmental technologies • Regulation: • Law concerning the pesticides uses is pre defined • Some environmental technologies are recommanded • Diffusion: • A panel of technologies exist corresponding to the different users’ needs (cost, size of farms, agriculture practices) • Technopole action: geographical and institutional proximities to combination of proximities • Geographical proximity (relation between technological process stakeholders) • Organizational proximity (technological relations are easier because the stakeholders are in the same site and network) • Technological proximity (technopole is an innovative interface)

11. Environmental technologies in wine growing and proximity relations Research is realized with the support of the ecological and durable development ministery Pr.Marie-Claude Belis-Bergouignan, IFREDE, Université Montesquieu Bordeaux4 Véronique Saint-Ges, INRA, IFREDE, Université Montesquieu Bordeaux4 Congrès VDQS Macerata 27 mai 2005