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Genetics

Genetics. The Blueprint Idea Genes provide the blueprint for life Without the blueprint, no life is possible. What are genes and what is their function?. Genes are segments of DNA (contains all biologically inherited information) Genes code for polypeptides (proteins)!

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Genetics

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  1. Genetics • The Blueprint Idea • Genes provide the blueprint for life • Without the blueprint, no life is possible

  2. What are genes and what is their function? • Genes are segments of DNA (contains all biologically inherited information) • Genes code for polypeptides (proteins)! • Genes do not code for behavior! • Chromosomes contain genes

  3. Basics • Conception: ovum and sperm fuse to create zygote • Ovum: 23 chromosomes (mom’s contribution) • Sperm: 23 chromosomes (dad’s contribution)

  4. Zygote • 46 chromosomes (23 pairs: 23 from mom and 23 from dad) • 22 pairs are called autosomes • 23rd pair contain the sex chromosomes

  5. Determination of Sex

  6. Determination of Sex

  7. Karotype

  8. Mitosis • Cell division resulting in new diploid cells (46 chromosomes) • Chromosomes replicate, then split into two diploid cells

  9. Mitosis Body Cell 46 Chromosomes Daughter Cell 46 Chromosomes Daughter Cell 46 Chromosomes

  10. Meiosis • Cell division resulting in haploid (23 chromosomes) cells • Creation of gametes (sex cells: ovum and sperm)

  11. Meiosis Germ Cell 46 Chromosomes Gamete 23 Chromosomes Gamete 23 Chromosomes

  12. Expression of Genes • Genotype: genetic makeup • Phenotype: physical appearance

  13. Dominant vs. Recessive Genes • Dominant: a relatively powerful gene that is expressed phenotypically and masks the effect of a less powerful, recessive gene. • Recessive: a less powerful gene that is not expressed phenotypically when paired with a dominant gene.

  14. Polygenic Inheritance • Affected by many genes rather than by a single pair.

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