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MBR

Primary partition. Extended Partition. Primary partition. Primary partition. MBR. FAT32. Logical Partition A (FAT32). Logical Partition B. Linux ext3. Logical Partition C Linux ext2. XP system NTFS. MBR: Master Boot Record. Cylinder group. Cylinder group. Cylinder

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MBR

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  1. Primary partition Extended Partition Primary partition Primary partition MBR FAT32 Logical Partition A (FAT32) Logical Partition B Linux ext3 Logical Partition C Linux ext2 XP system NTFS MBR: Master Boot Record

  2. Cylinder group Cylinder group Cylinder group Cylinder group Cylinder Group sumary Free I-node map Free Block map Data block Super block Inode list Data block Data block

  3. Root file system mount /dev/hda1 / sbin bin etc home var unix02 ineta02 srtsai unix01 Public_html a.htm mount /dev/hda2 /home

  4. Root file system sbin bin etc home var hosts unix60 ineta02 srtsai unix01 H-link Public_html Public_html ln /etc/hosts H-link  can not create hard link across file systems H-link2 a.htm S-link ln –s /etc/hosts S-link  must use symbolic link for linking files on different file systems

  5. home Directory d1 Directory d2 b.htm a.c 4 33 unix60 ineta02 srtsai unix01 H-link 33 c.txt 8 d2 d1 File inode name number File inode name number b.htm H-link a.c c.txt 8 inode number  1 2 3 4 33 inode for b.htm inode for c.txt inode for a.c & H-link inode list on a file system (partition)

  6. Protection model Process A wants to access the resource with the operation e.g. (Write, file_B) Process A running on behalf of a user A resource (e.g. file) to be accessed The Operating System checks if the access to the resource is permitted ? Keep this protection data Access matrix Capability list Access list

  7. d1 r w x r – x r - x Process A (vi a.txt) Gid =200 uid=8 Process A must have write access right to d1 Process B must have execute right to directory d1 a.txt r w x r – x r - x owner group others Process B Gid =300 uid=22 Owner:gid= 200 uid=8 Process B must have read access right to a.txt (more d1/a.txt) directory A process running on behalf of a user file

  8. gid=300 rwxr-xr-x d1 Owner:gid= 300 uid=8 P2 uid=8 P1 uid=8 P3 uid=6 rwxr-xr-x a.txt d2 Owner:gid= 55 uid=8 gid=222 rwxr-xr-x Owner:gid= 222 uid=5 b.c P4 uid=2 f.htm P5 uid=5 rwxr-xr-x rwxr-xr-x Owner:gid= 300 uid=5 Owner:gid= 222 uid=6 A process running on behalf of a user

  9. Creating a process to run the “ls” command cd / ls -l bash cd is a built-in command bash ls httpd System call Operating system kernel Hardware (CPU, memory,I/O)

  10. commands commands Command interpreter Command interpreter AP AP System call Operating system kernel Hardware (CPU, memory,I/O)

  11. Initialization Invoking the shell Print the prompt $ Typing commands Waits for the command yes Executing it by the shell itself A built-in command ? fork( ) no Child calls the exec system call to load a new executable program (the command typed by the user) and continues running until it calls the exit system call Creating a child process Doing I/O redirection and piping if needed Calling wait system call to wait for the (foreground) child to complete

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