Revision Guide for Literature Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet

1. Revision Guide for Literature Shakespeare: Romeo and Juliet • The exam question will always ask you to focus on an extract and to include your whole play knowledge • How can I revise? • Use this booklet to help you and use the information in your exercise book on the play. • Use your KO sheet and make sure you are 100% happy with the approaches to these tasks. • Make sure you have actively learnt quotes from the play and understand how to embed context. Contents – Romeo and Juliet • Analysis reminder & comparison connectives • Place Mats to help with planning tasks • Each poem with specific revision tasks & questions to help you • Some practice essay questions to use with the planning mat or to attempt as revision

2. Revision Guide for the Romeo and Juliet- Literature Analysis Tips & Exercises Always give an understanding of what is actually happening in the play at the point you are talking about. Always include context in your essay. Avoid seeing context as something you add last. It needs to be embedded into the learning. Make sure that you know what happens when and who is involved. Knowing this is as important as remembering lots of quotes. • What you should/could cover in your analysis – RED Minimum, ORANGE Most, GREEN Some (You know which you can aim to include) Not all of the steps need to be completed for each quote you select! • Link to the question (RED) and say why you think it links • Link to context • Link to the terminology (Lang/Structure – evaluating choice) (ORANGE) • Short Quote(s) (RED) • Explain meaning and effect – both obvious and hidden (explicit and implicit) (RED) • Zoom in on words/explore connotations and effect (ORANGE) • Suggest what other readers might think/feel (offering an alternative opinion) (GREEN) • Link to the writer’s intentions (step out from the close analysis to give an overview of meaning) (GREEN) • Explore a linking quote/supporting idea (GREEN) Use the Shakespeare essay help mat on the next page to guide you.

3. AQA Literature Place Mat. Plan your essay here; Intro Link to question: Link to a minimum of 3 ideas: Idea 1 Extract & scene/quotes with context & language/struct link Idea 2 Extract & scene/quotes with context & language/struct link Idea 3 Extract & scene/quotes with context & language/struct link Conclude Summary of points made in the essay that show you have answered the question Exploring the quotes: Link to the question Link to the terminology Link to the context which relates specifically to your ideas around the quote/play scene Link to quote(s) or the moment – paraphrase what happens in this section of the play Explore the hidden and obvious meaning Zoom in on the words Explore the effect What were the writers’ intentions Romeo & Juliet Extract & Essay Answer Intro – link to the question. Explain which 3 events in the play you will focus on. Create a thesis statement that explores how you will answer the question. Idea 1: Link to the extract and link out to a a scene from the play to explore (with quotes) and context. Repeat with Idea 2 choose a 2nd range of quotes from the extract and scene from the play to explore with context embedded and quotes. Repeat with Idea 3 choose quotes from the extract and a scene from the play to explore with context and quotes. Conclude – Short summary of points that show the question is answered. Terminology: soliloquy; individual speech by the character, dramatic irony; audience is more aware than the characters, repetition; ideas/words phrases repeated, metaphor; comparison of something as something else, hyperbole; use of exaggeration for effect, imagery; creating a picture in the mind of the reader, simile; comparison using like or as, dialogue; the speech of characters (think, length, tone, pace)…

4. Context Patriarchy - Women not as important as men Law – no justice system like we have today instead the class system hierarchy was responsible for keeping the peace Greek Tragedy – Use of a chorus in the prologue to narrate events Courtly Love – a love that was not returned – often love letters would be sent to a lady who did not reciprocate Fate - is from the work of a Roman scholar named Boethius who influenced Shakespeare Allusions/Greek Mythology – Several Greek myths are referenced throughout the play Arthur Brook’s poem inspired the play TheRenaissance – was a time of significant change in the fields of religion, politics, science, language and the arts ROMEO & JULIET CORE KNOWLEDGE – Y11 AQA

6. Consider: The structure of the prologue – sonnet form – use of iambic pentameter – Greek chorus. What does it suggest about the play and the main protagonists? Transform: Describe the story of the prologue. What happens, what do you think and feel about being told the main events in the play and why? Two households, both alike in dignity, In fair Verona, where we lay our scene, From ancient grudge break to new mutiny,  Where civil blood makes civil hands unclean. From forth the fatal loins of these two foes A pair of star-cross'd lovers take their life; Whole misadventured piteous overthrows Do with their death bury their parents' strife. The fearful passage of their death-mark'd love, And the continuance of their parents' rage, Which, but their children's end, nought could remove, Is now the two hours' traffic of our stage; The which if you with patient ears attend, What here shall miss, our toil shall strive to mend. Criticise: The families. Explain how (with quotes) both families could be blamed for the untimely deaths of Romeo and Juliet? Prioritise: Theme Links – What are your top 3 theme links for the play thinking about the prologue and why?

7. Transform: Power is a social construct – explore the elements of power that the Prince calls upon in his monologue. Consider: Place Power Law People What could you say about these elements in relation to the Prince’s speech? Act 1 Scene 1 Enter PRINCE ESCALUS, with his train PRINCE ESCALUS enters with his escort. PRINCE Rebellious subjects, enemies to peace, Profaners of this neighbor-stainèd steel!— Will they not hear?—What, ho! You men, you beasts, That quench the fire of your pernicious rage With purple fountains issuing from your veins, On pain of torture, from those bloody hands Throw your mistempered weapons to the ground, And hear the sentence of your movèd prince. Three civil brawls, bred of an airy word, By thee, old Capulet, and Montague, Have thrice disturbed the quiet of our streets And made Verona’s ancient citizens Cast by their grave-beseeming ornaments, To wield old partisans in hands as old, Cankered with peace, to part your cankered hate. If ever you disturb our streets again, Your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace. For this time, all the rest depart away. You, Capulet, shall go along with me, And, Montague, come you this afternoon To know our farther pleasure in this case, To old Free-town, our common judgment-place. Once more, on pain of death, all men depart. Criticise: The Prince. How might a Shakesperean audience have reacted to this heavy-handed laying down of the law? How might a contemporary audience now feel? Prioritise: Vocabulary choices by the Prince. How do we know the Prince is angry with the two feuding families? Rank the vocabulary used to show this feeling.

8. Transform: Summarise the advice that Benvolio is giving to Romeo Plan your transform task: Consider: What was Romeo saying literally, metaphorically & symbolically? What can we learn about Romeo from this exchange? What kind of impression are we getting of him? Act 1 Scene 1 BENVOLIO Then she hath sworn that she will still live chaste? ROMEO She hath, and in that sparing makes huge waste,For beauty starved with her severityCuts beauty off from all posterity.She is too fair, too wise, wisely too fair,To merit bliss by making me despair:She hath forsworn to love, and in that vowDo I live dead that live to tell it now. BENVOLIO Be ruled by me, forget to think of her. ROMEO O, teach me how I should forget to think. BENVOLIO By giving liberty unto thine eyes;Examine other beauties. ROMEO 'Tis the wayTo call hers exquisite, in question more:These happy masks that kiss fair ladies' browsBeing black put us in mind they hide the fair;He that is strucken blind cannot forgetThe precious treasure of his eyesight lost:Show me a mistress that is passing fair,What doth her beauty serve, but as a noteWhere I may read who pass'd that passing fair?Farewell: thou canst not teach me to forget. BENVOLIO I'll pay that doctrine, or else die in debt. Exeunt Prioritise: Choose your top five quotes from the scene and explode them with: Meaning/Effect Exploration of the context that links & why Zooming in on a word in the quote Use triplets to develop your ideas Focus on context Exploration of the connotations Criticise: “Benvolio is too good, too kind and too forgiving of Romeo” Challenge this statement

9. Transform: Imagine Paris was asking Juliet instead of her father. What would the dialogue look like? Consider: How could this show consideration towards Juliet as a woman in her own right? ACT I SCENE II A street. Enter CAPULET, PARIS, and Servant. CAPULET But Montague is bound as well as I, In penalty alike; and 'tis not hard, I think, For men so old as we to keep the peace. PARIS Of honourable reckoning are you both; And pity 'tis you lived at odds so long. But now, my lord, what say you to my suit? CAPULET But saying o'er what I have said before: My child is yet a stranger in the world; She hath not seen the change of fourteen years, Let two more summers wither in their pride, Ere we may think her ripe to be a bride. PARIS Younger than she are happy mothers made. CAPULET And too soon marr'd are those so early made. The earth hath swallow'd all my hopes but she, She is the hopeful lady of my earth: But woo her, gentle Paris, get her heart, My will to her consent is but a part; An she agree, within her scope of choice lies my consent and fair according voice. This night I hold an old accustom'd feast, Whereto I have invited many a guest, Such as I love; and you, among the store, One more, most welcome, makes my number more. At my poor house look to behold this night Criticise: “Paris is overconfident of his position in life and uses this to assume he will marry Juliet” Challenge or support this statement using the poem Prioritise: What do you think of these male characters in the play. What does Paris want and how does he intend to get it? What is Capulet’s wishes and how does he show them?

10. LADY CAPULET Marry, that 'marry' is the very theme I came to talk of. Tell me, daughter Juliet, How stands your disposition to be married? JULIET It is an honour that I dream not of. Nurse An honour! were not I thine only nurse, I would say thou hadstsuck'd wisdom from thy teat. LADY CAPULET Well, think of marriage now; younger than you, Here in Verona, ladies of esteem, Are made already mothers: by my count, I was your mother much upon these years That you are now a maid. Thus then in brief: The valiant Paris seeks you for his love. Nurse A man, young lady! lady, such a man As all the world--why, he's a man of wax. LADY CAPULET Verona's summer hath not such a flower. Nurse Nay, he's a flower; in faith, a very flower. LADY CAPULET What say you? can you love the gentleman? This night you shall behold him at our feast; Read o'er the volume of young Paris' face, And find delight writ there with beauty's pen; Examine every married lineament, And see how one another lends content And what obscured in this fair volume lies Find written in the margent of his eyes. This precious book of love, this unbound lover, To beautify him, only lacks a cover: The fish lives in the sea, and 'tis much pride For fair without the fair within to hide: That book in many's eyes doth share the glory, That in gold clasps locks in the golden story; So shall you share all that he doth possess, By having him, making yourself no less. Nurse No less! nay, bigger; women grow by men. LADY CAPULET Speak briefly, can you like of Paris' love? JULIET I'll look to like, if looking liking move: But no more deep will I endart mine eye Than your consent gives strength to make it fly. Transform: Write a diary entry from Juliet’s perspective about how she feels to hear that she is to consider marrying Paris at the tender age of 14. Act 1 Scene 3 Consider: Juliet, Lady Capulet and The Nurse’s relationship. What do we learn from this scene? Prioritise: Choose your top five quotes from this part of the play and explode them with: Meaning/Effect Exploration of the context that links & why Zooming in on a word in the quote Use triplets to develop your ideas Focus on context Exploration of the connotations Criticise: Lady Capulet makes marriage sound like an easy, quick undertaking. Is this the case? Why might Juliet feel apprehensive?

11. ACT 1 SCENE 4 MERCUTIONay, gentle Romeo, we must have you dance. ROMEONot I, believe me: you have dancing shoesWith nimble soles: I have a soul of leadSo stakes me to the ground I cannot move. MERCUTIOYou are a lover; borrow Cupid's wings,And soar with them above a common bound. ROMEOI am too sore enpierced with his shaftTo soar with his light feathers, and so bound,I cannot bound a pitch above dull woe:Under love's heavy burden do I sink. MERCUTIOAnd, to sink in it, should you burden love;Too great oppression for a tender thing. ROMEOIs love a tender thing? it is too rough,Too rude, too boisterous, and it pricks like thorn. MERCUTIOIf love be rough with you, be rough with love;Prick love for pricking, and you beat love down.Give me a case to put my visage in:A visor for a visor! what care IWhat curious eye doth quote deformities?Here are the beetle brows shall blush for me. BENVOLIOCome, knock and enter; and no sooner in,But every man betake him to his legs. Consider: How is Mercutio presented? Is he wise or rash? Is he patient or impatient? Say how and why? Transform: Write out the problem Mercutio is trying to solve with Romeo. Examine: How is repetition used to reinforce Romeo’s heartbreak? Is it realistic that he’d feel so downhearted? Prioritise: The reference to Cupid. How can this be used to develop context?

12. Act 1 Scene 5 ROMEOO, she doth teach the torches to burn bright!It seems she hangs upon the cheek of nightLike a rich jewel in an Ethiope's ear;Beauty too rich for use, for earth too dear!So shows a snowy dove trooping with crows,As yonder lady o'er her fellows shows.The measure done, I'll watch her place of stand,And, touching hers, make blessed my rude hand.Did my heart love till now? forswear it, sight!For I ne'er saw true beauty till this night. (Tybalt speaking to Capulet about Romeo gatecrashing the party)… ROMEO[To JULIET] If I profane with my unworthiest handThis holy shrine, the gentle fine is this:My lips, two blushing pilgrims, ready standTo smooth that rough touch with a tender kiss. JULIETGood pilgrim, you do wrong your hand too much,Which mannerly devotion shows in this;For saints have hands that pilgrims' hands do touch,And palm to palm is holy palmers' kiss. ROMEOHave not saints lips, and holy palmers too? JULIETAy, pilgrim, lips that they must use in prayer. ROMEOO, then, dear saint, let lips do what hands do;They pray, grant thou, lest faith turn to despair. JULIETSaints do not move, though grant for prayers' sake. Transform: Write a story to explore the celestial imagery in this scene. Plan your transform task: • ROMEOThen move not, while my prayer's effect I take.Thus from my lips, by yours, my sin is purged. • JULIETThen have my lips the sin that they have took. • ROMEOSin from thy lips? O trespass sweetly urged!Give me my sin again. • JULIETYou kiss by the book. Consider: How is masculinity presented in the play here? What does this suggest about Romeo’s character? Prioritise: Select 10 quotes and rank order them in terms of showing the most love towards Juliet. Explain why you have rank ordered them in this way. Criticise: Owen could be seen to criticise more than the weather in this poem Challenge this statement

13. Transform: What is the chorus telling the audience here and why is this important? Consider: Romeo’s quick change of heart. What does this tell you about his character? How would you describe both Romeo and Juliet at this point? (Enter Chorus) ChorusNow old desire doth in his death-bed lie,And young affection gapes to be his heir;That fair for which love groan'd for and would die,With tender Juliet match'd, is now not fair.Now Romeo is beloved and loves again,Alike betwitched by the charm of looks,But to his foe supposed he must complain,And she steal love's sweet bait from fearful hooks:Being held a foe, he may not have accessTo breathe such vows as lovers use to swear;And she as much in love, her means much lessTo meet her new-beloved any where:But passion lends them power, time means, to meetTempering extremities with extreme sweet. (Exit) Prioritise: What is the purpose of this prologue? Explore: How does this foreshadow later events in the play?

14. Transform: How are certain ideas being represented? Create a picture of the recurring ideas shown from earlier in the play in this section. (trees, cupid, isolation etc.) Consider: What does love actually look like? Is Shakespeare commenting on the reality of a love? How do Benvolio and Mercutio react to Romeo’s lovesick behaviour? What is the context that links to love in R&J and why? Act 2 Scene 1 BENVOLIOCome, he hath hid himself among these trees,To be consorted with the humorous night:Blind is his love and best befits the dark. MERCUTIOIf love be blind, love cannot hit the mark.Now will he sit under a medlar tree,And wish his mistress were that kind of fruitAs maids call medlars, when they laugh alone.Romeo, that she were, O, that she wereAn open et caetera, thou a poperin pear!Romeo, good night: I'll to my truckle-bed;This field-bed is too cold for me to sleep:Come, shall we go? BENVOLIOGo, then; for 'tis in vainTo seek him here that means not to be found. Prioritise: Choose all the stereotypical depictions of love and explain why Shakespeare presents these in the play. Criticise: “Romeo is rash, unwise and negligent in his behaviour” Explore this statement in relation to this scene

15. Consider: The idea of love – how love is shown here? What is Romeo like? How do you know? How does he describe Juliet? Transform: Dual code this scene – choose quotes from this extract and link these to images – can be drawn, copied and pasted or symbols. Choose symbols/pictures that help you remember the significance of this soliloquy ACT 2 SCENE 2 ROMEOHe jests at scars that never felt a wound. (JULIET appears above at a window) But, soft! what light through yonder window breaks?It is the east, and Juliet is the sun.Arise, fair sun, and kill the envious moon,Who is already sick and pale with grief,That thou her maid art far more fair than she:Be not her maid, since she is envious;Her vestal livery is but sick and greenAnd none but fools do wear it; cast it off.It is my lady, O, it is my love!O, that she knew she were!She speaks yet she says nothing: what of that?Her eye discourses; I will answer it.I am too bold, 'tis not to me she speaks:Two of the fairest stars in all the heaven,Having some business, do entreat her eyesTo twinkle in their spheres till they return.What if her eyes were there, they in her head?The brightness of her cheek would shame those stars,As daylight doth a lamp; her eyes in heavenWould through the airy region stream so brightThat birds would sing and think it were not night.See, how she leans her cheek upon her hand!O, that I were a glove upon that hand,That I might touch that cheek! JULIETAy me! Discuss: This is an extended metaphor. What is it about and how do you know? Prioritise: Select – your top 5 quotes from this soliloquy Demonstrate – your understanding of the way context can be linked to these 5 quotes

16. Consider: Being in the church– What emotions/feelings and experience might you have? What would your life be like? What would it have been like in Shakespeare time? Is this similar or different to today? Explore: How is the Friar presented here? Choose evidence to support your ideas ACT 2 SCENE 3 FRIAR LAURENCEThe grey-eyed morn smiles on the frowning night,Chequering the eastern clouds with streaks of light,And flecked darkness like a drunkard reelsFrom forth day's path and Titan's fiery wheels:Now, ere the sun advance his burning eye,The day to cheer and night's dank dew to dry,I must up-fill this osier cage of oursWith baleful weeds and precious-juiced flowers.The earth that's nature's mother is her tomb;What is her burying grave that is her womb,And from her womb children of divers kindWe sucking on her natural bosom find,Many for many virtues excellent,None but for some and yet all different.O, mickle is the powerful grace that liesIn herbs, plants, stones, and their true qualities:For nought so vile that on the earth doth liveBut to the earth some special good doth give,Nor aught so good but strain'd from that fair useRevolts from true birth, stumbling on abuse:Virtue itself turns vice, being misapplied;And vice sometimes by action dignified.Within the infant rind of this small flowerPoison hath residence and medicine power:For this, being smelt, with that part cheers each part;Being tasted, slays all senses with the heart.Two such opposed kings encamp them stillIn man as well as herbs, grace and rude will;And where the worser is predominant,Full soon the canker death eats up that plant. Criticise: Friar Laurence is a man of the church. Is this evident here? Explore this opinion with evidence from the soliloquy. Discuss: The context linked to religion and the church at the time. The way the monarchs ruled and decided on the religion of the state and how this influenced ordinary people.

17. Consider: The references to other texts and myths. What do they tell us about the characters and their actions? Transform: Translate the extended metaphor in the poem into an easier to understand translation. Why does she use an abstract extended metaphor in the poem? Is it philosophical? ACT 2 Scene 4 MERCUTIOThe pox of such antic, lisping, affectingfantasticoes; these new tuners of accents! 'By Jesu,a very good blade! a very tall man! a very goodwhore!' Why, is not this a lamentable thing,grandsire, that we should be thus afflicted withthese strange flies, these fashion-mongers, theseperdona-mi's, who stand so much on the new form,that they cannot at ease on the old bench? O, theirbones, their bones! (Enter ROMEO) BENVOLIOHere comes Romeo, here comes Romeo. MERCUTIOWithout his roe, like a dried herring: flesh, flesh,how art thou fishified! Now is he for the numbersthat Petrarch flowed in: Laura to his lady was but akitchen-wench; marry, she had a better love tobe-rhyme her; Dido a dowdy; Cleopatra a gipsy;Helen and Hero hildings and harlots; Thisbe a greyeye or so, but not to the purpose. SigniorRomeo, bon jour! there's a French salutationto your French slop. You gave us the counterfeitfairly last night. ROMEOGood morrow to you both. What counterfeit did I give you? MERCUTIOThe ship, sir, the slip; can you not conceive? ROMEOPardon, good Mercutio, my business was great; and insuch a case as mine a man may strain courtesy. Explore: The listing in the speech The use of repetition The tone of Mercutio’s speech What do these show us about the characters? Prioritise: Indicate why Mercutio is annoyed with Romeo? Indicate what Romeo’s response shows?

18. JULIETI' faith, I am sorry that thou art not well.Sweet, sweet, sweet nurse, tell me, what says my love? NurseYour love says, like an honest gentleman, and acourteous, and a kind, and a handsome, and, Iwarrant, a virtuous,—Where is your mother? JULIETWhere is my mother! why, she is within;Where should she be? How oddly thou repliest!'Your love says, like an honest gentleman,Where is your mother?' NurseO God's lady dear!Are you so hot? marry, come up, I trow;Is this the poultice for my aching bones?Henceforward do your messages yourself. JULIETHere's such a coil! come, what says Romeo? NurseHave you got leave to go to shrift to-day? JULIETI have. NurseThen hie you hence to Friar Laurence' cell;There stays a husband to make you a wife:Now comes the wanton blood up in your cheeks,They'll be in scarlet straight at any news.Hie you to church; I must another way,To fetch a ladder, by the which your loveMust climb a bird's nest soon when it is dark:I am the drudge and toil in your delight,But you shall bear the burden soon at night.Go; I'll to dinner: hie you to the cell. JULIETHie to high fortune! Honest nurse, farewell. (Exeunt) Consider: Your own identity – how is it constructed and which country do you identify as belonging to. Imagine you are no longer allowed in your country. How would that impact on you and your identity? ACT 2 Scene 5 Transform: Imagine you are the narrator observing this scene. Explain what you actually see and what it suggests about the Juliet and the Nurse? Criticise: ‘The nurse is too quick to condone the impetuous actions of Juliet’ How far would you agree with this in relation to this scene? Link: Other scenes where the nurse is too quick to do Juliet’s bidding and explore how the nurse is a willing aid to Juliet’s youthful impulses.

19. Consider: The Civil War in the play. What does Friar Laurence hope will happen by his meddling in the affairs of the heart? Transform: Imagine you were young, in love and getting married against the wishes of your parents. Write about the feelings of different people? ACT 2 SCENE 6 JULIETGood even to my ghostly confessor. FRIAR LAURENCERomeo shall thank thee, daughter, for us both. JULIETAs much to him, else is his thanks too much. ROMEOAh, Juliet, if the measure of thy joyBe heap'd like mine and that thy skill be moreTo blazon it, then sweeten with thy breathThis neighbour air, and let rich music's tongueUnfold the imagined happiness that bothReceive in either by this dear encounter. JULIETConceit, more rich in matter than in words,Brags of his substance, not of ornament:They are but beggars that can count their worth;But my true love is grown to such excessI cannot sum up sum of half my wealth. FRIAR LAURENCECome, come with me, and we will make short work;For, by your leaves, you shall not stay aloneTill holy church incorporate two in one. (Exeunt) Prioritise: Staging: Why does the marriage take place off stage? What effect does this have? How does this link to the secrecy of the act? Is this a deliberate decision by Shakespeare? Why? Criticise: Friar Laurence. Why is he so keen to support this marriage?

20. (Enter TYBALT and others) TYBALTFollow me close, for I will speak to them.Gentlemen, good den: a word with one of you. MERCUTIOAnd but one word with one of us? couple it withsomething; make it a word and a blow. TYBALTYou shall find me apt enough to that, sir, an youwill give me occasion. MERCUTIOCould you not take some occasion without giving? TYBALTMercutio, thou consort'st with Romeo,-- MERCUTIOConsort! what, dost thou make us minstrels? anthou make minstrels of us, look to hear nothing butdiscords: here's my fiddlestick; here's that shallmake you dance. 'Zounds, consort! BENVOLIOWe talk here in the public haunt of men:Either withdraw unto some private place,And reason coldly of your grievances,Or else depart; here all eyes gaze on us. MERCUTIOMen's eyes were made to look, and let them gaze;I will not budge for no man's pleasure, I. (Enter ROMEO) TYBALTWell, peace be with you, sir: here comes my man. MERCUTIOBut I'll be hanged, sir, if he wear your livery:Marry, go before to field, he'll be your follower;Your worship in that sense may call him 'man.' TYBALTRomeo, the hate I bear thee can affordNo better term than this,--thou art a villain. Transform: Into a emotion time line – What emotions are being shown and where in this scene? Who is in a heightened state of emotion? Act 3 Scene 1 Consider: The Volta in this scene. How is this scene a catalyst for the downfall of our tragic hero and heroine? Criticise: The concept of fighting. How does the fighting in R&J lead to disaster, dismay and exclusion? Prioritise: Events – Select four events from prior to this point that suggest this was an inevitable conclusion for Tybalt and Romeo and Mercutio.

21. ACT 3 Scene 2 NurseAh, well-a-day! he's dead, he's dead, he's dead!We are undone, lady, we are undone!Alack the day! he's gone, he's kill'd, he's dead! JULIETCan heaven be so envious? NurseRomeo can,Though heaven cannot: O Romeo, Romeo!Who ever would have thought it? Romeo! JULIETWhat devil art thou, that dost torment me thus?This torture should be roar'd in dismal hell.Hath Romeo slain himself? say thou but 'I,'And that bare vowel 'I' shall poison moreThan the death-darting eye of cockatrice:I am not I, if there be such an I;Or those eyes shut, that make thee answer 'I.'If he be slain, say 'I'; or if not, no:Brief sounds determine of my weal or woe. NurseI saw the wound, I saw it with mine eyes,—God save the mark!—here on his manly breast:A piteous corse, a bloody piteous corse;Pale, pale as ashes, all bedaub'd in blood,All in gore-blood; I swounded at the sight. JULIETO, break, my heart! poor bankrupt, break at once!To prison, eyes, ne'er look on liberty!Vile earth, to earth resign; end motion here;And thou and Romeo press one heavy bier! NurseO Tybalt, Tybalt, the best friend I had!O courteous Tybalt! honest gentleman!That ever I should live to see thee dead! Transform: Into a series of symbols showing Juliet’s changing emotions. Why is she in a heightened state of emotion? Consider: Juliet’s confusion. What does this show about her age, maturity and preoccupation at this point in the play? Criticise: The concept of love and death. What does Juliet’s reaction show regarding her loyalty? Examine: The language used. What does it show and why?

22. Transform: Into a father to son talk. Imagine Friar Laurence says everything he is thinking to Romeo. What would he tell him? Act 3 Scene 3 FRIAR LAURENCEA gentler judgment vanish’d from his lips,Not body’s death, but body’s banishment. ROMEOHa, banishment! be merciful, say ‘death;’For exile hath more terror in his look,Much more than death: do not say ‘banishment.’ FRIAR LAURENCEHence from Verona art thou banished:Be patient, for the world is broad and wide. ROMEOThere is no world without Verona walls,But purgatory, torture, hell itself.Hence-banished is banish’d from the world,And world’s exile is death: then banished,Is death mis-term’d: calling death banishment,Thou cutt’st my head off with a golden axe,And smilest upon the stroke that murders me. FRIAR LAURENCEO deadly sin! O rude unthankfulness!Thy fault our law calls death; but the kind prince,Taking thy part, hath rush’d aside the law,And turn’d that black word death to banishment:This is dear mercy, and thou seest it not. Consider: The Friar in this scene. What do you think of him and why? What is his role? How is he wise? Does he give good counsel? Criticise: The concept of banishment. How is banishment a just punishment for a death? Or, is it unjust? Justify your reasoning. Prioritise: Romeo as a character – give a short summary of how he is presented up to this point in the play. Track the changes to his personality/behaviour.

23. Consider: Being told you are marrying in two days time. How would you feel? What would you do? Would this be acceptable today? Was it acceptable then? How does it link to Patriarchy at the time? ACT 3 Scene 4 Transform: Imagine you are Juliet observing this scene. What would she be thinking? CAPULETMonday! ha, ha! Well, Wednesday is too soon,O’ Thursday let it be: o’ Thursday, tell her,She shall be married to this noble earl.Will you be ready? do you like this haste?We’ll keep no great ado,–a friend or two;For, hark you, Tybalt being slain so late,It may be thought we held him carelessly,Being our kinsman, if we revel much:Therefore we’ll have some half a dozen friends,And there an end. But what say you to Thursday? PARISMy lord, I would that Thursday were to-morrow. CAPULETWell get you gone: o’ Thursday be it, then.Go you to Juliet ere you go to bed,Prepare her, wife, against this wedding-day.Farewell, my lord. Light to my chamber, ho!Afore me! it is so very very late,That we may call it early by and by.Good night. Exeunt Criticise: The speed at which Capulet now wants to marry Juliet off to Paris. What is the rush? Link: Other examples of Juliet being ordered to do what men tell her.

24. Consider: The Bird Imagery. Look up and explore the links to nightingales and larks. What do they signify and why has Shakespeare used these? Imagine: Romeo and Juliet were caught. What impact would this have? ACT 3 SCENE 5 JULIETWilt thou be gone? it is not yet near day:It was the nightingale, and not the lark,That pierced the fearful hollow of thine ear;Nightly she sings on yon pomegranate-tree:Believe me, love, it was the nightingale. ROMEOIt was the lark, the herald of the morn,No nightingale: look, love, what envious streaksDo lace the severing clouds in yonder east:Night’s candles are burnt out, and jocund dayStands tiptoe on the misty mountain tops.I must be gone and live, or stay and die. JULIETYon light is not day-light, I know it, I:It is some meteor that the sun exhales,To be to thee this night a torch-bearer,And light thee on thy way to Mantua:Therefore stay yet; thou need’st not to be gone. ROMEOLet me be ta’en, let me be put to death;I am content, so thou wilt have it so.I’ll say yon grey is not the morning’s eye,‘Tis but the pale reflex of Cynthia’s brow;Nor that is not the lark, whose notes do beatThe vaulty heaven so high above our heads:I have more care to stay than will to go:Come, death, and welcome! Juliet wills it so.How is’t, my soul? let’s talk; it is not day. Discuss: The imagery linking to birds and light. Why is this important? What has happened off stage and how does this link to their tragic end? Prioritise: Select – your top 5 quotes from this scene Demonstrate – your understanding of the way context can be linked to these 5 quotes

25. Explore: How is Paris presented here? Consider: Being in a position of authority and using this wrongfully. How would you feel about being caught? What would you do to avoid this? ACT 4 SCENE 1 PARISImmoderately she weeps for Tybalt’s death,And therefore have I little talk’d of love;For Venus smiles not in a house of tears.Now, sir, her father counts it dangerousThat she doth give her sorrow so much sway,And in his wisdom hastes our marriage,To stop the inundation of her tears;Which, too much minded by herself alone,May be put from her by society:Now do you know the reason of this haste. FRIAR LAURENCE[Aside] I would I knew not why it should be slow’d.Look, sir, here comes the lady towards my cell. Enter JULIET PARISHappily met, my lady and my wife! JULIETThat may be, sir, when I may be a wife. PARISThat may be must be, love, on Thursday next. JULIETWhat must be shall be. FRIAR LAURENCEThat’s a certain text. PARISCome you to make confession to this father? JULIETTo answer that, I should confess to you. PARISDo not deny to him that you love me. Criticise: Friar Laurence is a man of the church. However he is complicit in lying and cheating to allow Juliet to marry Romeo – why is this difficult in this scene? Discuss: Paris and Juliet’s speech. Think about the way she rejects him. What does this show about their relationship?

26. Consider: Capulet’s reaction. What does this show about his feelings towards his daughter? Transform: Lies. Why does Juliet lie to her father? What good does she think it will do? ACT 4 Scene 2 Enter JULIET CAPULETHow now, my headstrong! where have you been gadding? JULIETWhere I have learn’d me to repent the sinOf disobedient oppositionTo you and your behests, and am enjoin’dBy holy Laurence to fall prostrate here,And beg your pardon: pardon, I beseech you!Henceforward I am ever ruled by you. CAPULETSend for the county; go tell him of this:I’ll have this knot knit up to-morrow morning. JULIETI met the youthful lord at Laurence’ cell;And gave him what becomed love I might,Not step o’er the bounds of modesty. Explore: The language used by Juliet towards her father. Are there any clues that she is not being truthful? Prioritise: Indicate why Capulet would be so delighted by this outcome?

27. ACT 4 Scene 3 JULIETFarewell! God knows when we shall meet again.I have a faint cold fear thrills through my veins,That almost freezes up the heat of life:I’ll call them back again to comfort me:Nurse! What should she do here?My dismal scene I needs must act alone.Come, vial.What if this mixture do not work at all?Shall I be married then to-morrow morning?No, no: this shall forbid it: lie thou there. Laying down her dagger What if it be a poison, which the friarSubtly hath minister’d to have me dead,Lest in this marriage he should be dishonour’d,Because he married me before to Romeo?I fear it is: and yet, methinks, it should not,For he hath still been tried a holy man.How if, when I am laid into the tomb,I wake before the time that RomeoCome to redeem me? there’s a fearful point!Shall I not, then, be stifled in the vault,To whose foul mouth no healthsome air breathes in,And there die strangled ere my Romeo comes?Or, if I live, is it not very like,The horrible conceit of death and night,Together with the terror of the place,–As in a vault, an ancient receptacle,Where, for these many hundred years, the bonesOf all my buried ancestors are packed:Where bloody Tybalt, yet but green in earth,Lies festering in his shroud; where, as they say,At some hours in the night spirits resort;– Imagine: Juliet’s plan fails. How do we know she is worried about this? Alack, alack, is it not like that I,So early waking, what with loathsome smells,And shrieks like mandrakes’ torn out of the earth,That living mortals, hearing them, run mad:–O, if I wake, shall I not be distraught,Environed with all these hideous fears?And madly play with my forefather’s joints?And pluck the mangled Tybalt from his shroud?And, in this rage, with some great kinsman’s bone,As with a club, dash out my desperate brains?O, look! methinks I see my cousin’s ghostSeeking out Romeo, that did spit his bodyUpon a rapier’s point: stay, Tybalt, stay!Romeo, I come! this do I drink to thee. She falls upon her bed, within the curtains Consider: the length and content of Juliet’s soliloquy. What impressions does this create of her? Discuss: Who she talks about in her soliloquy and what this reveals about her relationships with these people? Prioritise: What is the purpose of her supernatural vision at the end of the soliloquy?

28. Transform: What does this short scene do and tell us about the two female characters? Consider: The happiness in this scene. What is Shakespeare doing by juxtaposing this scene of domesticity with the next scene of death? Act 4 Scene 4 LADY CAPULETHold, take these keys, and fetch more spices, nurse. NurseThey call for dates and quinces in the pastry. Enter CAPULET CAPULETCome, stir, stir, stir! the second cock hath crow’d,The curfew-bell hath rung, ’tis three o’clock:Look to the baked meats, good Angelica:Spare not for the cost. NurseGo, you cot-quean, go,Get you to bed; faith, You’ll be sick to-morrowFor this night’s watching. CAPULETNo, not a whit: what! I have watch’d ere nowAll night for lesser cause, and ne’er been sick. LADY CAPULETAy, you have been a mouse-hunt in your time;But I will watch you from such watching now. Prioritise: How the characters feel. Explore: How does this foreshadow later events in the play?

29. Transform: The Nurses grief – was this fair of Juliet? Consider: The Nurses train of though before and after the stage directions. What does this tell you about her? ACT 4 Scene 5 NurseMistress! what, mistress! Juliet! fast, I warrant her, she:Why, lamb! why, lady! fie, you slug-a-bed!Why, love, I say! madam! sweet-heart! why, bride!What, not a word? you take your pennyworths now;Sleep for a week; for the next night, I warrant,The County Paris hath set up his rest,That you shall rest but little. God forgive me,Marry, and amen, how sound is she asleep!I must needs wake her. Madam, madam, madam!Ay, let the county take you in your bed;He’ll fright you up, i’ faith. Will it not be? Undraws the curtains What, dress’d! and in your clothes! and down again!I must needs wake you; Lady! lady! lady!Alas, alas! Help, help! my lady’s dead!O, well-a-day, that ever I was born!Some aqua vitae, ho! My lord! my lady! Prioritise: Choose your top three quotes from this scene and explode them with: Meaning/Effect Exploration of the context that links & why Zooming in on a word in the quote Use triplets to develop your ideas Focus on context Exploration of the connotations Criticise: “Juliet is impetuous, unkind and selfish in her actions” How far would you agree with this statement?

30. Well, Juliet, I will lie with thee to-night.Let’s see for means: O mischief, thou art swiftTo enter in the thoughts of desperate men!I do remember an apothecary,–And hereabouts he dwells,–which late I notedIn tatter’d weeds, with overwhelming brows,Culling of simples; meagre were his looks,Sharp misery had worn him to the bones:And in his needy shop a tortoise hung,An alligator stuff’d, and other skinsOf ill-shaped fishes; and about his shelvesA beggarly account of empty boxes,Green earthen pots, bladders and musty seeds,Remnants of packthread and old cakes of roses,Were thinly scatter’d, to make up a show.Noting this penury, to myself I said‘An if a man did need a poison now,Whose sale is present death in Mantua,Here lives a caitiff wretch would sell it him.’O, this same thought did but forerun my need;And this same needy man must sell it me.As I remember, this should be the house.Being holiday, the beggar’s shop is shut.What, ho! apothecary! Enter Apothecary ApothecaryWho calls so loud? ROMEOCome hither, man. I see that thou art poor:Hold, there is forty ducats: let me haveA dram of poison, such soon-speeding gearAs will disperse itself through all the veinsThat the life-weary taker may fall deadAnd that the trunk may be discharged of breathAs violently as hasty powder firedDoth hurry from the fatal cannon’s womb. ApothecarySuch mortal drugs I have; but Mantua’s lawIs death to any he that utters them. Consider: Being banished and then hearing tragic news. Is his reaction fair? ACT 5 SCENE 1 Imagine: You are Romeo and you have just heard of the death of Juliet. What would you do? Feel? Think? Prioritise: The law. What will happen to the Apothecary if he is found out? What does this show about Romeo? Criticise: Romeo’s overhasty buying of poison. What does this show about him?

31. ACT 5 Scene 2 Imagine: You are Friar Laurence. What would be your reaction to this news and complication? FRIAR LAURENCEWho bare my letter, then, to Romeo? FRIAR JOHNI could not send it,–here it is again,–Nor get a messenger to bring it thee,So fearful were they of infection. FRIAR LAURENCEUnhappy fortune! by my brotherhood,The letter was not nice but full of chargeOf dear import, and the neglecting itMay do much danger. Friar John, go hence;Get me an iron crow, and bring it straightUnto my cell. FRIAR JOHNBrother, I’ll go and bring it thee. Exit FRIAR LAURENCENow must I to the monument alone;Within three hours will fair Juliet wake:She will beshrew me much that RomeoHath had no notice of these accidents;But I will write again to Mantua,And keep her at my cell till Romeo come;Poor living corse, closed in a dead man’s tomb! Exit Consider: Friar John. Why is he so calm and collected? Prioritise: the next steps that Friar Laurence should take. Give reasons. Discuss: The selfishness of the acts that have led to this point in the play? Who is most selfish and to blame?

32. Laying PARIS in the tomb How oft when men are at the point of deathHave they been merry! which their keepers callA lightning before death: O, how may ICall this a lightning? O my love! my wife!Death, that hath suck’d the honey of thy breath,Hath had no power yet upon thy beauty:Thou art not conquer’d; beauty’s ensign yetIs crimson in thy lips and in thy cheeks,And death’s pale flag is not advanced there.Tybalt, liest thou there in thy bloody sheet?O, what more favour can I do to thee,Than with that hand that cut thy youth in twainTo sunder his that was thine enemy?Forgive me, cousin! Ah, dear Juliet,Why art thou yet so fair? shall I believeThat unsubstantial death is amorous,And that the lean abhorred monster keepsThee here in dark to be his paramour?For fear of that, I still will stay with thee;And never from this palace of dim nightDepart again: here, here will I remainWith worms that are thy chamber-maids; O, hereWill I set up my everlasting rest,And shake the yoke of inauspicious starsFrom this world-wearied flesh. Eyes, look your last!Arms, take your last embrace! and, lips, O youThe doors of breath, seal with a righteous kissA dateless bargain to engrossing death!Come, bitter conduct, come, unsavoury guide!Thou desperate pilot, now at once run onThe dashing rocks thy sea-sick weary bark!Here’s to my love! Drinks O true apothecary!Thy drugs are quick. Thus with a kiss I die. Transform: The Ending so that Juliet wakes. How would this change the play? Consider: The reactions of the Friar, The Prince and the Capulets and Montagues. Are they shocked? How does it mend the rift? Synthesise: Your thoughts and feelings about the deaths of the characters. ~Who is to blame for the tragic ending? Discuss: The clues in the scene that Juliet is alive. Think about all the examples of dramatic irony in here:

33. Romeo and Juliet: Possible Exam questions & exercises Remember planning context into the play is also useful Example question from the 2017 exam paper: Select a key extract with the theme or character in and starting with the extract plan or write about • Explore the presentation of ____ (choose a character) • Explore the theme of ___________ (choose a theme) • Use the Romeo and Juliet KO to re-learn key information • Quiz yourself • Explore other examples of context • Watch & make notes using the many examples of analysis videos on YouTube • Listen to the podcasts created by your teachers and on the Google Site • Use memorise • Re-annotate the play • Practice writing essays • Practice planning essays • Learn key quotes