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Chapter 18.2: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

Chapter 18.2: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria. AE/P/FPA. Brief Comparison. Bacteria Structure. Same as most prokaryotic cells and it has a cell wall Cell wall is important because it prevents bacterial cell from bursting

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Chapter 18.2: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria

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  1. Chapter 18.2: Archaebacteria and Eubacteria AE/P/FPA

  2. Brief Comparison

  3. Bacteria Structure • Same as most prokaryotic cells and it has a cell wall • Cell wall is important because it prevents bacterial cell from bursting • Most cells naturally take on water by osmosis; live in a hypotonic solution

  4. Bacteria Identification • “Gram-Staining” • Reflects a difference in cell walls (they also will react to different antibiotics) • Gram positive = turns purple when stained • Gram negative = turns pink when stained

  5. Bacteria Identification • Shape • 1. spheres = “cocci” • 2. rods = “bacilli” • 3. spirals = “spirilla” • Good example of all 3 shapes can be seen in Fig 18.12 of our textbook

  6. Bacteria Identification • Arrangement • 1. Diplo = paired arrangement • 2. Staphylo = “grape” like arrangement • 3. Strepto = “chains of cells” arrangement

  7. Bacteria Reproduction • Asexual reproduction • “binary fission” • Sexual reproduction • “ conjugation” with the use of a PILUS (“pili” = plural form) • Fig 18.13 and 18.14

  8. Bacteria Reproduction:Binary Fission vs. Conjugation

  9. Other terms to be familiar with • Obligate Anaerobes • One of the first bacteria to evolve • Killed by oxygen • Release energy using fermentation • Obligate Aerobes • Require oxygen for respiration • Release energy using cellular respiration

  10. Bacteria Survival Mechanism • Endospore • A tiny structure that contains a bacteriums DNA and a small amount of its cytoplasm, encased by a tough outer covering the resists temperature extremes and harsh chemicals • Protects the DNA during “hard times” • Botulism can be caused by an endospore of B. botulinum germinates

  11. Bacteria Survival Mechanisms • Toxin • Poison produced by a bacterium

  12. The Importance of Bacteria • Nitrogen fixation • Taking nitrogen from atmosphere and putting it into a form plants can use • Recycling of nutrients (decomposers) • Foods and medicines • Bacteria cause Disease • Now due to development of better antibiotics, the average human life expectancy has increased to 75 years old

  13. TODAYS ASSIGNMENT • Homework over the weekend: • 18.2 Reinforcement and Study Guide • My suggestion is that you complete it here while you have 30 minutes left in class.

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