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What CERN stands for ?

What CERN stands for ?. Where is CERN ?. What kind of physics is pursued ?. How is this done ?. Are there any applications ?. What is CERN ?. 50 years of research in physics. C onseil E uropéen pour la R echerche N ucléaire. CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research.

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What CERN stands for ?

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  1. What CERN stands for ? Where is CERN ? What kind of physics is pursued ? How is this done ? Are there any applications ? Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  2. What is CERN ? 50 years of research in physics Conseil Européen pour la Recherche Nucléaire Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  3. CERNEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research • Seeking answers to questions about the Universe what is it made of? How did it come to be the way it is? • Advancing the frontiers of technology and engineering • Training the young scientists and engineers who will be the experts of tomorrow Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  4. CERNEuropean Organization for Nuclear Research • Founded in 1954 by 12 countries • Today: 20 member states • More than 7000 users from all over the world • ~1000 MCHF / Year budget 1954: Convention establishing the Organization - original signatures 2004: The 20 member states Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  5. Cern site Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  6. Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  7. p p Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  8. The constituents of matter 1964Gell-Mann The Mendeleyev of particle physics Quarks Proton Today’s periodic system of the fundamental building blocks Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  9. Why accelerators? To investigate Particle Physics Particle physics looks at matter in its smallest dimensions Binoculars Telescopes Accelerators Microscopes Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  10. Interactions and models Electricity Electromagnetism Magnetism Standard model ElectroWeak Weak Force Grand Unification Strong Force Quantum Gravity Terrestrial Gravity Universal Gravitation Celestial Gravity Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis time

  11. Methods of Particle Physics Concentrate energy on particles (accelerator) Collide particles (recreate conditions after Big Bang) E=mc2 Identify created particles in Detector (search for new clues) Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  12. CERN's mission: to build particle accelerators The Large Hadron Collider(LHC) set 80 – 150 m underground in a circular tunnel 27 km long will be the most powerful instrument ever built to investigate particles properties. • Four gigantic underground caverns to host the huge detectors • The highest energy of any accelerator in the world • The most intense proton beams colliding head-on 800 million times per sec • It will operate at a temperature colder than outer space Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  13. 27 km circumference 80-150m underground Preparing the LHC The LHC will start operation in 2007. It will certainly change our view of the Universe. Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  14. Large Hadron Collider LHCb Atlas 9 km Click on apparatus or ring 27 km CMS Alice Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  15. We don't know everything! Why three generations? The LHC will help solving all these unsolved mysteries Supersymmetry ? Higgs boson ? Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  16. Spinoffs of CERN technology Examples of application of technologies developed at CERN for particle physics research • World-Wide Web, information technologies • Developments in technologies such as superconductivity, cryogenics, vacuum… • Medical applications • industrial imaging, • radiation processing electronics • measuring instruments etc….. Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  17. CERN, Internet and the WWW In 1989 Tim Berners-Lee proposed a distributed information system for CERN World Wide Web was invented in CERN to help particle physicists around the word to communicate Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  18. Other experiments LHC experiments Moore’s law Jan 2000:3.5K SI95 Moore’s law predicts trends of development of CPU capacity (red line) Evolution of CERN computing needsCPU capacity 1998-2010 Central Processing Unit capacity 1998-2010 (black line) Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  19. CERN computing • The experiments at LHC will generate enormous amounts of data and will require a computing environment thousands of times more powerful than anything running on today’s Internet. • One of the experiments will generate 1000 million events per second, a data rate equivalent to twenty simultaneous telephone conversations by every person at the earth Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  20. The GRID: a possible solution to CERN computing needs The LHC computing GRID is a project funded by the European Union. The objective is to build the next generation computing infrastructure providing intensive computation and analysis Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  21. Medical applications of particle physics Positron-Emission Tomography • detect anomalous changes in tissues and organs long before serious symptoms are noticed • radio-pharmaceutical emitting positrons, is administered to the patient. When positrons are emitted, they quickly annihilatewith the electron in patient body, and produce two gamma rays which are detected, pin-pointing where the annihilation took place. • PET tells doctors exactly where the radio-pharmaceutical ends up in the body, allowing them to find out whether everything is working as it should. Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  22. Positron-Emission Tomography Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

  23. To be discovered probably the late one ? Yiannis GR Zuzana SK Maria CZ Bo SW Emily BUL top charm strange bottom Zuzana Maria Bo Emily Yianis

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