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Old Testament Survey: The Book of Psalms

Explore the poetic beauty and spiritual depth of the Psalms. Learn about their structure, themes, and significance in worship and personal devotion, as well as their relevance to historical events and prophetic insights.

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Old Testament Survey: The Book of Psalms

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  1. Old Testament Survey: The Book of Psalms “Blessed is the man Who walks not in the counsel of the ungodly, nor stands in the path of sinners, nor sits in the seat of the scornful; but his delight is in the law of the LORD, and in His law he meditates day and night.” {Psalm 1:1,2}

  2. Background • The book draws its name from the title in the Septuagint (LXX) translation. • The word means “praises.” Or “songs of praise.” • 73 Psalmsare attributed to David. • 50 Psalms are anonymous. • Total of 150 Psalms • A few have been set to music, and we sing them today.

  3. Background • National songs of Israel. • Largely the songs of the church in past centuries. • Largely written for individual devotion. • Book of prayer and praise. • All emotions touched in the Psalms. • Mainly written in Hebrew poetry style.

  4. Divisions of Psalms • Book I • Psalm 1—41 • Corresponds with Genesis • All but four written by David • Subject: • Man • His state of blessedness • Fall and recovery

  5. Divisions of Psalms • Corresponds with Exodus • 18 written by David • Subject—nation of Israel • Her ruin (42-49) • Redeemer (50-60) • Redemption (61-72) • Righteous King (72) • Book II • Psalm 42—72

  6. Divisions of Psalms • Corresponds with Leviticus • Centers on time of Hezekiah • Subject—the sanctuary referred to in nearly every Psalm in Book III • Book III • Psalm 73—89

  7. Divisions of Psalms • Corresponds with Numbers • Two Psalms of David (101 and 103) • Other Psalms in time of exile • Subject: The earth • Psalm 90 written by Moses during wilderness wanderings • Book IV • Psalm 90—106

  8. Divisions of Psalms • Corresponds with Deuteronomy • 15 Psalms of David • Compiled in time of Nehemiah and Ezra • Subject: God’s word • Psalm 119 greatest and longest Psalm • Book V • Psalms 107—150

  9. Characteristics of Hebrew Poetry • Synonymous Parallelism • Verses in which the thought of line A is repeated in line B. • “LORD, how long will the wicked, how long will the wicked triumph?” (94:3) • “Hear this, all peoples; give ear, all inhabitants of the world.” (49:1)

  10. Characteristics of Hebrew Poetry • “For the LORD knows the way of the righteous, but the way of the ungodly shall perish.” (1:6) • “For His anger is but for a moment, His favor is for life; weeping may endure for a night, but joy comes in the morning.” (30:5) • Antithetical Parallelism • Verses in which the opposite thought of line A is expressed in line B.

  11. Characteristics of Hebrew Poetry • “Yet I have set My King on My holy hill of Zion.” (2:6) • “I will sing to the LORD, because He has dealt bountifully with me.” (13:6) • Synthetic parallelism • Verses in which line B supplements or completes the thought in line A.

  12. Characteristics of Hebrew Poetry • “Give unto the LORD, O you mighty ones, give unto the LORD glory and strength.” (29:1) • “The earth is the LORD'S, and all its fullness, the world and those who dwell therein.” (24:1) • Climatic Parallelism • Verses in which the first line is incomplete, so the second line takes up the words in it and completes the thought

  13. Characteristics of Hebrew Poetry • Psalm 119 • Opening letter of verses 1-8 is aleph • Opening letter of verses 9-16 is beth • Continues on through 22 letters of the Hebrew alphabet • Acrostic Poem • The opening words begin with the same letter of the alphabet, or each line begins with the succeeding letters of the alphabet.

  14. TopicalClassification • God’s Attributes • No book more fully sets forth the qualities of God’s nature. Nine names are used to show His Divine attitudes and attributes. • The Lord is our judge and defense (7:8-10) • Refuge of the poor (14:6) • Rock and fortress (18:2) • Light and salvation (27:1) • Shield (28:7)

  15. TopicalClassification • Extolling His goodness (85,95,100,136) • Praising His glory and wisdom (18,19,29,62…) • Creator and preserver (33,89,104) • Infinite knowledge (139) • Divine providence (105) • Psalms That Praise God • Psalms that give Him glory, honor, and praise…

  16. TopicalClassification • His crucifixion (22) • His resurrection (16) • Reign of a righteous King (45,72,110) • The rejected Stone (118) • His eternity (61) • Christ in the Psalms • Psalms that elevate and prophesy about the coming Messiah and Christ…

  17. TopicalClassification • Exodus and crossing the Red Sea (136:10-15) • Period of wandering (114) • Period of judges (106:34-46) • David fleeing from Saul (7,11,34) • David’s sin with Bathsheba (24,30 ,51) • Historical Psalms • Psalms that remind of past events

  18. TopicalClassification • Man’s exaltation (8) • Man’s sinfulness (10,14,36) • Wicked contrasted with godly (1,4,5) • Folly of wicked who trust in riches (37,49,53) • Fate of ungodly (9,11,73) • Psalms Concerning Man • Psalms that elevate and tell about mankind

  19. TopicalClassification • Trust (3,16,20,27,31…) • Shepherd Psalm (23) • God is our Refuge (46) • Gates of thanksgiving (100) • Pay vows to God (50) • Help from God (121) • Psalms of Trust and Thanksgiving • Psalms that express man’s gratitude and trust in His God

  20. TopicalClassification • Mercy in time of trouble (6) • Prayers of assurance (27 and 116) • Penitence (51) • Destruction of the deceitful (55) • Deliverance (70) • Mercy (86) • Prayer Psalms • Psalms that express prayers offered up to God

  21. TopicalClassification • Safety (46) • Zion’s beauty and glory (48,87) • Love for God’s house (84, 122) • Unity among brethren (133) • The Lord’s Church (typical) • Psalms about the coming of the Lord’s church

  22. TopicalClassification • Magnifying God’s word (19,119) • Worship (43,84,100,122,132) • Vanity of life (39,49, 90) • The home (127) • Psalms Concerning Experiences and Religion in Life • Psalms about religious experiences

  23. Great Lessons From the Psalms • Adoration of God • Rich in expressing admiration for God and the soul’s longing to be near Him(8:1) • The Sanctuary • The Psalmist had in mind the tabernacle and temple (77:13 and 122:1) • The heart yearns for His Divine presence (42:1) • Understanding and seeing things more fully(73:3,17)

  24. Great Lessons From the Psalms • Blessings in the Psalms • The splendor of happiness and contentment shines with the luster of diamonds (1:1,2; 2:12; 128:1,2; 32:1; 84:4; 119:1; 94:12; 144:15) • The Lord is our help • He looks down from heaven(14:2) • He provides and helps in trouble(46:1) • He hears our voices(116:1) • Knows every word and thought (139:1-7) • If we call in time of trouble, He will deliver(50:15)

  25. Great Lessons From the Psalms • Forgiveness of sins • All have sinned, and God forgives the penitent(53:1-3; 51:3,4; 119:11) • Seven great subjects in the Psalms • Recognizing the all-powerful God(90:1,2) • Praise for His infinite love and providence(103,136) • Rebukes all forms of idolatry(96:4,5; 97:7) • Prophetic glimpses of Christ(110:1-4) • The terrible nature of sin(143) • God’s Divine mercy and forgiveness(32, 130) • Emphasizing duties to repent and obey(29:1,2; 51;96)

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