Nutrition and Weight Control

1. Nutrition and Weight Control Food and Nutrition Unit 1

2. Objective 1.1 Define terms related to nutrition and weight control

3. Absorption • The passage of nutrients from the gastrointestinal tract into either the blood or tissue fluid surrounding the cells

4. Amino Acid • Building blocks of proteins

5. Appetite • Desire to eat

6. Calorie • A measurement of the amount of energy produced when food is burned by the body • In science it is the amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1.0 g of water 1.0 degrees Celsius

7. Deficiency Disease • A disease caused by the lack of a specific necessary element in the body • Examples include pellagra, rickets, anemia, goiter, kwashiorkor, night blindness, and osteoporosis

8. Diabetes Mellitus • Lack of or inability to use the hormone insulin, which results in the build up of glucose in the bloodstream

9. Digestion • The process by which the body breaks down food into useable nutrients

10. Fallacy • A mistaken belief; myth

11. Fat-Soluble Vitamins • Vitamins that are absorbed and transported by fats • Includes vitamins A, D, E, and K

12. Glucose • Type of simple sugar • The body’s primary energy source and the only energy source for the brain and nervous system • The basic sugar molecule from which all other carbohydrates are built

13. Malnutrition • Poor nutrition over an extended period of time which can be caused by an inadequate diet

14. Metabolism • The process by which living cells use nutrients in many chemical reactions that provide energy for vital processes and activities

15. Nutrients • Chemical substances in food that help to maintain the body

16. Nutrition • The science of nutrients and how they are used by the body

17. Obesity • Weighing 20% of more above desirable weight for height • In an adult, obesity is defined as a body mass index of 30 or more

18. Osteoporosis • A condition caused by a calcium deficiency which results in porous, brittle bones and a loss of bone density

19. RDA • Recommended Daily Allowances • Suggested levels of nutrient intake to meet the needs of most healthy people

20. Saliva • A mucus and enzyme-containing liquid secreted by the mouth that begins to break down starches and makes food easier to swallow

21. Taste Buds • Sensory organs located on various parts of the tongue

22. Trace Elements • Elements or minerals needed in very small amounts

23. Vitamins • Nutrients that don’t provide energy or build body tissue, but help regulate these and other body processes

24. Water-Soluble Vitamins • A vitamin, specifically vitamin C or one of the B complex vitamins, that dissolves in water • Are not stored in the body

25. Objective 1.2 Describe psychological, physiological, and environmental reasons for eating

26. Culture Technology Lifestyle Boredom Hunger Tastes Depression Illness Religion Customs What influences food choices?

27. Objective 1.3 Describe effects of nutrition on health and body mass

28. Nutrition throughout your life • Infancy—breast milk, baby food, formula (rapid growth) • Childhood—wide variety of nutritious foods (habits are being formed) • Teens—often make poor dietary decisions…school lunches, etc. • Young adults—metabolism begins to slow • Adults—metabolism slows • Elderly—specific dietary issues

29. BMI • Body mass index • Calculation of body weight and height • Adults with a BMI of 30 or above are considered obese • An estimate—not an appropriate weight evaluation for everyone! • *Look at BMI Calculators…

30. Nutrition and Weight Control • When Calories In=Calories Out, the result is weight maintenance • Calories In < Calories Out=Weight Loss • Calories In > Calories Out=Weight Gain • Not a magic formula; no “miracle diet” necessary • Eat a variety of NUTRITIOUS foods and EXERCISE!!! • (We’ll discuss this in more detail later!)

31. Objective 1.4 Identify Possible Causes of Being Underweight and overweight

32. Overweight: Consume too many calories Too little exercise Sedentary lifestyle Genetic tendency Emotional eating patterns Underweight: Genetic tendency Not consuming enough calories Eating disorders Thyroid disease Weight Issues…

33. Objective 1.5 Identify Food Related Health Problems

34. Food-Related Health Problems • High Blood Pressure • Sodium • Heart Disease • Excessive fat especially saturated fats • Diabetes I and II • Sugars, glucose, insulin

35. Continued…….. • Lactose intolerance • Milk and milk products • Food allergies • Food sensitivities • Obesity • Underweight • Malnutrition • Vitamin and mineral deficiencies

36. Pellagra Rickets Anemia Goiter Kwashiorkor Night Blindness Osteoporosis Scurvy Niacin Vitamin D Iron Iodine Protein Vitamin A Calcium Vitamin C Vitamin & Mineral Deficiencies

37. Eating Disorders • Anorexia Nervosa (characterized by self-starvation) • Bulimia Nervosa (binge an purge cycles) • Binge Eating Disorder (excessive overeating)

38. Objective 1.6 Define basic nutrient groups and their sources and functions

39. 6 basic nutrients • Carbohydrates • Protein • Fats • Vitamins • Minerals • Water *Give Handout on Key Nutrients (sources and functions)

40. Objective 1.7 Explain MyPyramid

41. www.mypyramid.gov

42. Comparing Old Pyramid vs. New

43. Objective 1.8 Name careers related to nutrition and weight control

44. Careers… • Dietician • Nutritionist • Fitness Trainer • Exercise Scientist • Food Service Manager • Meal Planner • Other health care professionals