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Introduction

Introduction. Introduction Modular 5: Sensation. Electric Billboard in the Brain. Can Katie see without her eyes? Katie at the age of 22 Age 42 C olors of light B rightness and size Rectangular grid and patterns O fficially blind. Three Characteristics of All Senses.

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Introduction

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Introduction Introduction Modular 5: Sensation

  2. Electric Billboard in the Brain • Can Katie see without her eyes? • Katie at the age of 22 • Age 42 • Colors of light • Brightness and size • Rectangular grid and patterns • Officially blind

  3. Three Characteristics of All Senses • Eyes, nose, skin, and tongue • All senses follow three characteristics: • Transduction • Adaptation– • Sensation versus perceptions– • Sensations • Perceptions

  4. Stimulus: Light Waves • Receive a certain stimulus • Radio waves not the right length • Wave length that can be seen

  5. Stimulus: Light Waves • Invisible– too short– • Visible spectrum • Bounce off the object an return to your eyes

  6. Stimulus: Light Waves • Invisible—too long– • Stimulus-

  7. Structure and Function • A giraffe? • Gather and focus light waves and transforms light waves into impulses • Image reverse– • Light Waves

  8. Structure and Function • Cornea • Pupil

  9. Structure and Function • Iris— • Dim light • Bright light • Pigment or color of eye

  10. Structure and Function • Lens— • Distant objects • Near objects • Retina–

  11. Eyeball’s Shape and Laser Eye Surgery • Normal vision– • Nearsighted– • Farsighted– • Eye Surgery– LASIK

  12. Retina: Miniature Camera—Computer • Video camera and transduction • Retina three layers of cells

  13. Retina: Miniature Camera—Computer • 60 million rods • Dimly lit areas

  14. Retina: Miniature Camera—Computer • 3 million cones • Three chemicals (osins) • Wired individually

  15. Retina: Miniature Camera—Computer • Transduction • Tiny electrical force

  16. Retina: Miniature Camera—Computer • Nerve impulses generated in ganglion cells • Blind spot • Visual areas of the brain

  17. Visual Pathways: Eye to Brain • Optic nerve • Hypothalamus • Thalamus

  18. Visual Pathways: Eye to Brain • Primary visual cortex • 25% of the cortex • Visual cortex responds

  19. Visual Pathways: Eye to Brain • Simple visual sensations • Visual association areas

  20. Visual Pathways: Eye to Brain • Primary visual cortex to association areas • Meaningful image • Visual Agnosia

  21. Visual Pathways: Eye to Brain • Reading, writing, and perceiving objects, animals, people and colors

  22. Color: Vision • Cataracts • “Can’t imagine what colors are until you’ve seen them” • Visual system into what you see as color

  23. Making Colors from Wavelengths • 1. Sunlight and the visible spectrum • 2. Light spectrum or a rain drop • 3. Our visual system • Humans see shorter wavelengths • Trichromatic and opponent process theories

  24. Trichromatic Theory • Trichromatic • Blue, green, and red • Wavelengths are absorbed by their specific cone • Genes affect the ability you have to see shades

  25. Opponent-Process Theory • Afterimage • Red-green and blue-yellow • Opponent-process theory

  26. Theories Combined • Both the opponent-process and trichromatic theories • Trichromatic different kinds of cones • Opponent-process theory which involves pairs of colors • Nerve impulses to the visual cortex

  27. Color Blindness • 1 in 20 people in America • Color Blindness • There are several kinds of color blindness • Monochromats– • Dichromats--

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