Ludwig Josef Johann WITTGENSTEIN 1889 - 1951

2. Ludwig Josef Johann WITTGENSTEIN1889 - 1951 Hanife Nur Öner Gizem ŞEKER

3. Austrian-British philosopher, • Primarily focused on logic, the philosophy of mathematics, the philosophy of mind, and the philosophy of language • TractatusLogico-Philosophicus (1921) • Philosophical Investigations (1953) Baruch Poll

4. Wittgenstein’sphilosophydeveloped in twostages His first theory of languageis set out in TractatusLogico-Philosophicus: mainly concerned with statements of fact. Gives a very abstract account of factual discourse and says little about what goes on in the minds of its producers. His second theory of language is set out in Philosophical Investigations: equally concerned with other uses of language. Presents language, in all its uses, as part of human life, so that questions about meaning lead inevitably to questions about what goes on in people's minds.

6. TractatusLogico-Philosophicus (Logical-PhilosophicalTreatise) 1921 • Wittgenstein’s first period philosophy • the only study that he published • On the relation between language and reality • the Vienna Circle relation

7. InTractatus, Wittgensteinarguedthattheworld is allthat is thecase. He eliminatedalltheforms of metaphysical inquiry, arguing instead that the simple facts are what the world is to us. Wittgenstein had a strictly one world interpretation of what can be thought of and what can be said. In addition, the Austrian viewed the limits of our language as the limits of our social thought.

8. Wittgenstein tried to spell out precisely what a logically constructedlanguage can (and cannot) be used to say. He aimedtoreach it bystudying on 7 basicpropositions. Thesepropositions: • The world is everything that is the case. • What is the case (a fact) is the existence of states of affairs. • A logical picture of facts is a thought. • A thought is a proposition with a sense. (An elementary proposition is a truth-function of itself.) • A proposition is a truth-function of elementary propositions. • The general form of a proposition is the general form of a truth function- atomic propositions, any subset of propositions, the negation of all propositions making upany subset of propositions - . This is the general form of a proposition. • Whereof one cannot speak, thereof one must be silent.

9. Thiscarefully-delineated sense of what a logical language can properly express that influenced members of the Vienna Circle in their formulation of the principles of logical positivism. Wittgenstein himself supposed that there was nothing left for philosophers to do. True to this conviction, he abandoned the discipline for nearly a decade.

11. PhilosophicalInvestigations1953 • Wittgenstein’s second period philosophy • The effect of London School • Baruch Poll • How words are used • Meaning of words • Language as game • No private language

12. Language As Game Like the rules of a game, Wittgenstein argued, therules for the use of ordinary language are neither right nor wrong, neither true nor false: they are merely useful for the particular applications in which we apply them. • meaningin use • rules • controlthetechnique • differentactivites

13. Example: • İneğe bak • Benim arkadaşım tam bir inek Example: • ‘table’

14. No PrivateLanguage The fundamental aspect of language is that we learn how to use it in social contexts, which is the reason why we all understand each other. Example: ‘add 2’ to the number of 1004. The student’s answer is 1000. Example: I’m in pain.

15. Investigations is therapeutic in its aim. To shift our philosophical thinking so that the problems of philosophy no longer seem like problems.

16. REFERENCES • Grayling, A. C. (2008). Wittgenstein, düşüncenin ustaları. İstanbul: Altın Kitaplar. • http://www.philosophypages.com/hy/6s.htm • http://penguenlerdeucabilir.blogspot.com/2012/05/ludwig-wittgensteinin-dil-felsefesi.html • http://dusuncedunyasi.net/dusunce_dunyasi/felsefe/bilim-felsefesi-makaleleri-wittgenstein/ • http://gormendizer.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Ludwig.Wittgenstein.-.Philosophical.Investigations.pdf • http://www.answers.com/topic/wittgenstein-s-philosophy-of-language#ixzz2AiwdBtGg • http://suite101.com/article/ludwig-wittgenstein-linguistics-a209632 • Copi, I. M. (1966). Essays on wittgenstein'stractatus. In London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. • Fann, K. T. (1969). Wittgenstein's conception of philosophy. In Berkeley: University of California. • Williams, M. (2002). Wittgenstein, mind, and meaning : toward a social conception of mind. In London: Routledge.

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