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Heavy Flavour Physics at the LHC

Heavy Flavour Physics at the LHC. Niels Tuning (Nikhef) 23 July 2012 On behalf of the LHCb collaboration including results from ATLAS and CMS. Why Flavour Physics??. Motivation 1: New Physics in loop diagrams?. “Box” diagram: Δ B=2. s. b. s. b. b. μ. s. μ.

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Heavy Flavour Physics at the LHC

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  1. Heavy Flavour Physics at the LHC Niels Tuning (Nikhef) 23 July 2012 On behalf of the LHCb collaboration including results from ATLAS and CMS SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  2. Why Flavour Physics?? SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  3. Motivation 1: New Physics in loop diagrams? “Box” diagram: ΔB=2 s b s b b μ s μ • Precision measurements • Find deviations from the Standard Model • Sensitive to heavy particles in loop diagrams “Penguin” diagram: ΔB=1 SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  4. Flavour physics for discoveries s d μ μ K0 →μμ pointed to the charm quark: GIM, Phys.Rev.D2,1285,1970 ARGUS Coll, Phys.Lett.B192:245,1987 B0 mixing pointed to heavy top quark: … … … d b b d SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  5. Motivation 2: at the heart of the SM Charged current: flavour diagonal Yukawa couplings: mix between generations SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  6. Motivation 2: at the heart of the SM Charged current: flavour diagonal Yukawa couplings: mix between generations Diagonalize Yukawa matrix: Off diagonal in CC Mass terms SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  7. Motivation 2: at the heart of the SM • Flavour physics closely connected to Higgs?? SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  8. Motivation 3: CKM magnitude mysterious CKM matrix: • Coupling strength of charged current • Completely different hierarchy ! vs flavour mass flavour mass SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  9. Motivation 3: CKM magnitude mysterious CKM matrix: • Coupling strength of charged current • Completely different hierarchy ! vs flavour mass flavour mass ν3 ν1 ν2 d s b νe d' PhD thesis R. de Adelhart Toorop SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  10. CKM matrix: phases CKM matrix: • Coupling strength of charged current • Complex matrix: phases! SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  11. CMS LHCb ATLAS SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  12. LHC • LHC and experiments show excellent performance • LHCb collected 1 fb-1 in 2011 • Aim for 2.2 fb-1 in 2012 (now 0.7 fb-1) • 1012bb-pairs produced! CMS ATLAS x 5 LHCb • Optimal use of LHC beam: • “Lumilevelling” at 4 x 1032 • Design was 2 x 1032 with half the #bunches • Max. luminosity for entire fill • With maximum detector occupancy • Disclaimer: • Most results shown, from LHCb SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  13. The LHCb Detector

  14. The LHCb Detector MAGNET OT RICH1 MUON IT CALO RICH2 TT VELO

  15. The LHCb Detector 23 sep 2010 19:49:24 Run 79646 Event 143858637

  16. Outline CP violation FCNC SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  17. Heavy flavourspectroscopy CP violation FCNC SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  18. Heavy Flavour Spectroscopy Λb→J/ψΛ0 LHCb arxiv:1205.3452 LHCb: m(Ξb-)=5796.51.21.2MeV m(Ωb-)=6050.34.52.2MeV m(Ξb0)=5802.05.51.7MeV m(Λb0(5912))=5911.950.7MeV m(Λb0(5920))=5919.760.7MeV CMS: m(Ξb*)=5945.00.70.32.7MeV Ξb* Ξb-→J/ψΞ- Ωb-→J/ψΩ Λb→J/ψΛ0 Ξb-→J/ψΞ- ATLAS‐CONF‐2012‐055 B+c→J/ψπ+ Ξb0→D0pK K.Ulmer, ICHEP2012 B+c→J/ψπ+ ATLAS‐CONF‐2012‐028 M(Λb) SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  19. CP violation FCNC SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  20. How to measure a phase?? Γ( B f ) = |A1+A2ei(φ+δ)|2 Γ(Bf ) = |A1+A2ei(-φ+δ)|2 A1 A2 • Necessary ingredients for CP violation: • Two (interfering) amplitudes • Phase difference between amplitudes • one CP conserving phase (‘strong’ phase) • one CP violating phase (‘weak’ phase) SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  21. γ • B - → D0 K- (Time integrated) • Bs0 → DsK+- (Time dependent) ( ) • Necessary ingredients for CP violation: • Two (interfering) amplitudes • Phase difference between amplitudes • one CP conserving phase (‘strong’ phase) • one CP violating phase (‘weak’ phase) SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  22. γ(GLW) Vcb* Vub* GLW: CP eigenstate: D0→ K+K-(ππ) • B- →D0K- • Relative phase: γ A1 A2 ( ) bc favoured D0K+ Gronau, London, Wyler, PL B265 (1991) 172. fCPK+ B+ D0K+ bu suppressed LHCb,1.0 fb-1, 3h LHCb-CONF-2012-021 LHCb,1.0 fb-1, 1h PL B712 (2012) 203 SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  23. γ(GLW) GLW: CP eigenstate: D0→ K+K-(ππ) bc favoured D0K+ fCPK+ B+ D0K+ bu suppressed 4.5σ LHCb,1.0 fb-1, 3h LHCb-CONF-2012-021 LHCb,1.0 fb-1, 1h PL B712 (2012) 203 SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  24. γ(ADS) Vcb* Vub* ADS: B or D Cabibbofavoured: D0→ K+π- • B- →D0K- • Relative phase: γ A1 A2 ( ) bc favoured D0K+ Cabibbo supp. Atwood, Dunietz, Soni , PRL 78 (1997) 3257 B+ K-π+K+ D0K+ bu suppressed Cabibbo allowed. “Difference in suppression” LHCb,1.0 fb-1, 3h LHCb-CONF-2012-021 LHCb,1.0 fb-1, 1h PL B712 (2012) 203 “Average suppression” SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  25. γ(ADS) Suppressed mode for the B-is relatively more suppressed than for the B+… ADS: B or D Cabibbofavoured: D0→ K+π- BR~ 2 x 10-7 First observation of suppressed mode bc favoured D0K+ Cabibbo supp. B+ K-π+K+ D0K+ bu suppressed Cabibbo allowed. 4.0σ LHCb,1.0 fb-1, 3h LHCb-CONF-2012-021 LHCb,1.0 fb-1, 1h PL B712 (2012) 203 SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  26. γ(Time dependent) Vcb* Vub* • B0s →Ds+K- • Relative phase: γ • First step: BR! A1 A2 (best known B0s decay!) LHCb,0.37fb-1, JHEP06(2012)115 SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  27. Intermezzo: how many B0s are produced? fd/fs • To determine any Bs0 BR, need to know how many are produced • Relative to B0 or B+ decay • e.g.: • Measured fd/fs at LHCb: • Hadronic: • Compare yields of B0s →Ds+π- and B0 →D+K- • Theoretically we can estimate ratio of BR! • Semi-leptonic • Compare yields of B0s →Ds+Xμνand B0 →DXμν • Measure: Fleischer, Serra, NT,PRD 82, 034038 (2010) Fleischer, Serra, NT,PRD 83, 014017 (2011) LHCbPRL 107,(2011) 211801 LHCbPRD 85 (2012) 032008 SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  28. CP violation FCNC SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  29. φs • Bs0 → J/ψφ • φs= φM- 2φD • φsSM= -2βs = -0.036  0.002 rad (Neglecting penguin contributions) • New physics can affect φM Vts V*cs Vcs A1 A2 Vts • B0s →J/ψφ • Relative phase: φs A.Lenz (SM prediction), arXiv:1205.1444 e-iφD Bs0 J/ψφ eiφM eiφD Bs0 ? LHCb, 1.0fb-1, φs, LHCb-CONF-2012-002 LHCb, 1.0fb-1 ,J/ψ ππ, arXiv:1204.5675 LHCb, 1.0fb-1 ,τJ/ψ f0 arXiv:1207.0878 LHCb, 1.0fb-1, amb, PRL. 108 (2012) 241801 SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  30. LHCb: φs B0s→J/ψφ t >0.3 ps N = 21,200 σ ~ 7 MeV L ~ 1.0 fb-1 • Angular analysis • Pseudo-scalar → 2 vectors • CP ~ (-1)L • Tagging: εD2 = 2.290.27% σt ~ 45 fs CP + LHCb, 1.0fb-1, φs, LHCb-CONF-2012-002 CP - B0s→J/ψφ prompt J/ψ S-wave LHCb, EPJ C (2012) 72:2022 SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  31. φs CP-even CP-odd S-wave Bkgd LHCb, 1.0fb-1, φs, LHCb-CONF-2012-002 preliminary SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  32. φs LHCb 1.0 fb-1 A.Lenz (SM prediction), arXiv:1205.1444 LHCb SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  33. ATLAS: φs Avg: 5.6 overlapping pp! • Luminosity: 4.9 fb-1 • Ptμ>4 GeV t>0.3ps φs S.Palestini at ICHEP 2012 SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  34. φs • B0s→J/ψππ: CP eigenstate • Pure CP-odd, only long living B0s • No angular analysis needed • Data sample smaller compared to J/ψφ • Hadronic effects might shift φs differently • Combined fit: • Decrease statistical unc from 0.101 to 0.083: • Effective lifetime: B0s→J/ψππ f0(980) , f0(1370) LHCb, 1.0fb-1, φs, LHCb-CONF-2012-002 LHCb, 1.0fb-1 ,J/ψ ππ, arXiv:1204.5675 LHCb, 1.0fb-1 ,τJ/ψ f0 arXiv:1207.0878 SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  35. Bs0 Lifetime LHCb, 1.0fb-1, amb, PRL. 108 (2012) 241801 Combined S.Stone at ICHEP 2012 SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  36. Mixing Phase • Bs0 → Ds-Xμ+ν • φs= φM- 2φD • φsSM= -2βs = -0.036  0.002 rad • φMSM = 0.0035 rad • New physics can affectφM • Measure: • LHCb in agreement with SM andD0 φM = arg(M12/12) A1 A2 tan φM LHCb Ds+μ--candidates D0 anomaly (3.4σ) LHCb, 1.0fb-1, LHCb-CONF-2012-022 SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  37. CP violation FCNC SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  38. Charm • Measure difference of CP asymmetry • CP violation from mixing largely cancels • Direct CP violation expected to be small D0 →K+K- A1 A2 D0 →π+π- LHCb, 0.6 fb-1, PRL 108, 111602 (2012) SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  39. Charm • Measure difference of CP asymmetry • CP violation from mixing largely cancels • Direct CP violation expected to be small D0 →K+K- • Cancel production and detector asymmetries • Compare D0 →K+K- andD0 →π+π- • Same production and detector asymmetry • Charge symmetric final state: AD(f)=0 D0 →π+π- 3.5σ • First evidence for CP violation in charm LHCb, 0.6 fb-1, PRL 108, 111602 (2012) SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  40. CP violation FCNC SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  41. CP violation in Bs decays • First observation of direct CP violation in B0s decays • N( Bs0 →K+π-) ≠ N(Bs0 →K-π+) ! • Interference of tree and penguin diagrams A1 A2 LHCb, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 201601 N(Bs0 →K-π+) N(Bs0 →K+π-) 3.3σ • Measurement of time dependent CP: • Interference of mixing and decay preliminary LHCb, 0.7fb-1, CP TD, LHCb-CONF-2012-007 LHCb, 1.0fb-1, BR, arXiv:1206.2794 3.2σ SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  42. Historical? P( K0→K0) ≠ P(K0→K0) 1964 Discovery 1980 Nobel Prize J. Cronin, V. Fitch P( B0(→ B0)→f) ≠ P(B0(→ B0)→ f ) 1972 Prediction 2001 Observation 2008 Nobel Prize M. Kobayashi, T. Maskawa Phys.Rev.Lett. 13 (1964) 138-140 Prog.Theor.Phys. 49 (1973) 652-657 1964: CP violation in K0-mesons (sd) 2001: CP violation in B0-mesons (bd) 2011: CP violation in D0-mesons (cu) 2012: CP violation in Bs0-mesons (bs) SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  43. FCNC CP violation FCNC SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  44. FCNC: SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  45. FCNC γ b s • Flavour Changing Neutral Current • Also known as “rare decays” B0(s)→K*(φ)γ B0s→μμ B0→K*μμ SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  46. FCNC γ b W t s • Flavour Changing Neutral Current • Occur in SM only through loop diagrams • New Physics can appear at same order as SM B0(s)→K*(φ)γ B0s→μμ B0→K*μμ SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  47. CP violation FCNC SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  48. FCNC: B0→K*μμ B0→K*μμ μ+ • AFB in SM due to V-A coupling • Hadronic uncertainties cancel in forward-backward asymmetry AFB • Sensitive to many NP models • Example: θl K* μ- (4/3)AFB W.Altmannshofer et al., JHEP 0901:019,2009 SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  49. FCNC: B0→K*μμ B0→K*μμ μ+ • Other experiments show AFB>0 at low q2 θl K* μ- SM: C. Bobeth et al. arXiv:1105.0376; JHEP 0807 106 q2 [GeV2] AFB(K* μμ)LHCb-CONF-2012-008 SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

  50. FCNC: B0→K*μμ B0→K*μμ μ+ • Other experiments show AFB>0 at low q2 θl K* μ- S.Stone at ICHEP 2012 NB: Size of C7 constrained by BR(B0→K*γ) but not the sign. q2 [GeV2/c4] AFB(K* μμ)LHCb-CONF-2012-008 SLAC Summer Institute 2012 - Niels Tuning

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