Medal Racing for Umpires under Sailing Instruction Addendum Q (Please use in Slide Show mode)

1. Medal Racing for Umpires under Sailing Instruction Addendum Q (Please use in Slide Show mode) Version:January 2015

2. Medal Racing for Umpires Index to Sections - click button to go directly to: • Umpiring principles • The Rules under Addendum Q • Protest procedures • Penalties • Positioning • Rules for Windsurfers (Boards) • The Quiz

3. Attention! This presentation is not a substitute for careful reading of SI Addendum Q Make sure you have the correct version! 3

4. The Role of the Umpires • As instant ‘Jury’ • Decisions in response to valid Part 2, RRS 31 and 42 protests. • Initiate penalties for breaches of RRS 31 and 42. • Specific umpire-initiated penalty decisions. • Prompt confirmation to Race Committee of any outstanding issues at finish of race. 4

5. Before Racing • Equipment: • Flags green & white, red, black • Whistle • Radio • Wet notes • Voice recorder • Documents: • SI, including Addendum Q • Race information sheet • Rule book • Food & Water 5

6. Communications between Umpires • Based on umpiring in match or team racing. More information in the manuals. • Driver adopts the boat being followed. The other umpire adopts other boats – signals and displays any flags. • If one umpire states a position (‘Penalty to XXX’) • The other umpire responds: • I agree • I do not agree • I did not see • If you see an incident, but no protest – say ‘Incident closed’. After that a protest flag is too late. 6

7. Damage Protests for breaches of rule 14 are handled after the race. [Q2.4] The protest must be notified to the race committee before flag B is removed. If an incident results in contact, check for damage and attempt to assess any damage as soon as possible – this may be after the race. There is no possibility of redress [Q1.2(e)], but a boat may be penalised (DSQ) for breaking rule 14. Umpires will not normally initiate rule 14 protests, unless the damaged boat is unable to do so. 7

8. Things to remember • Communication – out of the umpire boat • Keep it short, keep it simple • Check radios with Umpire team and RC (CU) • If radio fails or even when it works: • Arm raised = I have ‘something’ (the call, an issue) • Crossing hands in front = no issues (at finish) • Signalling • Clear signals and whistles • Eye contact if possible, for penalties • Tell the media- if possible-first opportunity 8

9. Media Calls • Arrange for media to listen on umpire channel. • Make a media call after any action that might be of interest. • Penalties, including 42, given by umpires. • Media calls about green-and-white flags should only be given on special occasions. Maybe one that affects a medal? • If any protests after the race – ‘results subject to protest’. 9

10. Media Call procedure • On the umpire channel call:“Media, media, media! Stand by for a media call” • Pause 3-5 seconds and call again:“Media, media, media! We have just penalised “boat” for…. Short description of incident. • Avoid using rule numbers. 10

11. The rules in the Medal Race are the normal Racing Rules of Sailing, but with some important changes 11

12. RRS 42 • RRS 42 - Appendix P is changed • Same penalty as for any other rule - One Turn • Independent of previous penalty history • Oscar/Romeo for Finn/470 • Class rules for Finn/470/49er/RS:X • Only P5 (O and R flags) from Appendix P 12

13. Definition “Proper Course” - Q1.1(a) Add to definition: A boat taking a penalty, or maneuvering to take a penalty is not sailing a Proper course! 13

14. Room to tack at an obstruction - Q1.1(b) In addition to the hails in RRS 20: ‘Room to tack’ - repeatedly and clearly pointing to windward. ‘You tack’repeatedly and clearly pointing at the other boat waving the arm to windward. NOT for BOARDS! 14

15. Limitation on Redress - Q1.2(e) RRS 62.1(a), (b) and (d) are deleted. The only reason a boat may be granted redress is for giving help in compliance with RRS 1. (For boards RRS B5.62.1(e) also deleted.) 15

16. Protest Procedures While Racing - Q2.1 • While racing, a boat can protest another boat ONLYfor the following: • Part 2 – forincidentsin which she was involved (but not for RRS 14). • RRS 31 - touching a mark. • RRS 42 – propulsion. 16

17. How to Respond to a Protest • One or more boats protest • Decide who broke a rule (but no signal) • One or more boats may take a voluntary One-Turn Penalty • After 5-10 seconds: if no boat has taken a penalty or indicated that it will take one – penalize as decided • May also be done if a boat took a voluntary penalty (more later) 17

18. Protest Procedures After Racing - Q2.4 For rules not protestable while racing: To protest for any other breach, or request redress (see limitations on redress), a boat must hail the Race Committee before or during the (two minutes) display of flag B on the RC boat. 18

19. How To Protest? - Q2.1 Protest by BOATS: Hail ‘Protest’ + (even for boats < 6m) Protest for BOARDS: Hail ‘Protest’ - no flag Sometimes competitors (especially boards) raise an arm in addition to hailing ‘Protest’. This helps the umpires become aware of the protest, but is not required. 19

20. Penalties While Racing - Q2.2 Any penalty (including for RRS 42) is a One-Turn-Penalty BOATS - a tack and a gybe (or vice versa) BOARDS - a 360° turn of the board, with no need for tack or gybe. RRS B4.44.2 20

21. Umpire Signals - Q3.1 • No Penalty • Display Green and White Flag • One sound signal with whistle • Penalty • Display Red Flag • One sound signal with whistle • Hail identity of boat • Disqualified • Display Black Flag • One sound signal with whistle • Hail identity of boat 21

22. Umpire Initiated Penalties - Q4.1 • Touching a mark and not taking a penalty (unless compelled) • Gaining an advantage after taking a penalty • Breaking a rule deliberately • Committing a breach of sportsmanship • Failing to take a penalty correctly • Breaking RRS 42 22

23. Umpire Initiated Penalties Q4.1 • The umpires may impose more (2nd or 3rd) penalties • If the breach is severe or repeated • If the breach is deliberate • If the boat commits a breach of sportsmanship • If the boat gains an advantage despite taking a penalty The umpires may display the Black flag to disqualify the boat . • Normally give a second red before black. 23

24. Black Flag Penalties Q4.1 & 4.2 • The umpires willdisplay a BLACK flag to disqualify a boat if: • A boat rounds/passes a mark on the wrong side and thenrounds the next mark or finishes. The umpires may display the Black flag to disqualify a boat if: • Breaches are severe or repeated • The breach is deliberate • The boat commits a breach of sportsmanship • The boat gains an advantage despite taking a penalty • The incident causes serious damage or injury Normally give a second red before black 24

25. Boat’s obligations - voluntary penalty If a boat has broken a rule, she is obligated by the Basic Principle, Sportsmanship and the Rules, to take a penalty promptly. Waiting for a signal when she knows she has broken a rule may be seen as breaking this principle. Additional penalty Red or Black flag 25

26. Which Boat to penalize? - Q2.2 • If one boat protests and no boat takes a penalty, the umpires may penalize either boat. • If one boat protests and the protested boat takes a penalty, the incident is closed (even if the umpires would have penalized the protesting boat). • If both boats protest and one takes a penalty, the umpires may still penalize the other. (This does not include action under RRS 14) 26

27. Which Boat to penalize? - Q2.2 Multiple Boats If one boat protests and a boat that was not protested takes a penalty, the umpire may penalize any boat. (This does not include action under RRS 14) In this incident the umpires decide that:- Blue did not give enough room, Green did give enough room Yellow protests, Green takes a penalty. Umpires may penalize Blue. Yellow and Blue protest, Green takes a penalty. Umpires may penalize Blue. 27

28. When NOT to penalize If a boat is compelled to break a rule as a result of another boat breaking a rule, the umpires exonerate her - RRS 64.1(c) - Q1.2(f) – or RRS 21 If a protested boat takes a penalty, do not penalize any other boat - Q2.2 If umpires do not see an incident properly. If a protest flag is not clearly displayed - no umpire sees it displayed - Q2.1. If the umpires are reasonably close but do not hear ‘Protest’ (especially other words can be heard) - Q2.1. If the umpires disagree. (Different from only one umpire seeing the incident). 28

29. Umpire Initiation - Q3.1(b) Incomplete Penalty versus No Penalty Taken Red Umpire Flag Red Umpire Flag 270° turn (no gybe or tack) No action Red Ump Flag [Q3.1(b)] (see note) Red Ump Flag [Q3.1(b)] Penalty turn (tack & gybe) Penalty turn (tack & gybe) Closed Closed Note: The second red flag is not a new penalty, only a reminder for the athlete that the penalty remains outstanding 29

30. Umpire Initiation - Q3.1(c) No Action Abuse [Q4.1(e)] Red Umpire Flag Red Umpire Flag No action Penalty turn & Abuse Red Flag [Q3.1(b)] Red Flag [Q3.1(b)] No action Penalty turn & Abuse Black Flag Black Flag Always advise the Chief Umpire about a Black Flag. The CU should advise the Race Committee as soon as possible. 30

31. Penalty Turn Begins: When the boat starts turning, after getting well clear. Ends: At completion of final tack or gybe. A penalty turn may be taken before the starting signal. Sometimes, especially in the pre-start while manoeuvring against another boat, it is possible for a boat to take a penalty ‘by accident’. 31

32. Penalty Turn • If a boat taking a penalty does not keep clear of another boat, the umpires do not initiate a penalty, but the other boat may protest (RRS 22.2). If a boat briefly interrupts a penalty turn to keep clear of another boat: • if it was clear to the umpires that the boat taking a penalty did not get well clear, the umpires may display a red flag to tell the boat her penalty remains outstanding. • if it was clear the boat did sail well clear, but the unpredictable actions of another boat cause the delay to the penalty, the umpires should take no further action. 32

33. Some examples of penalties Yes …. No …. Maybe 33

34. Contact Yes - 2 penalties • Yellow hails ‘Protest!’ • No action from Blue • Penalise Blue – 1 turn • Penalise Blue – 2nd turn [Q4.1(d)] • If Yellow disabled or injured, no redress, but Black Flag Blue (if certain) Blue should know she broke a rule • What if no protest from Yellow? • If no damage or injury - No action • If damage or injury - Q5.5 allows a hearing and DSQ under RRS 14 (if no Black Flag) 34

35. Yes - 1 Penalty; Maybe – 2 Penalties • Blue takes room to which she is not entitled • Yellow hails ‘Protest!’. • No action from Blue • Penalise Blue – 1 turn • If, after the penalty Blue is in front of Yellow, penalise Blue with a 2nd turn • If Blue should have known she was clear astern at the zone, then the breach is deliberate and Blue should be given a 2ndpenalty, even if she did not gain an advantage after the first penalty. 35

36. Maybe – 1 Penalty; Maybe – 2 Penalties Does Yellow know she broke a rule? If it is clear, the umpires may assume that Yellow knows she broke the rule. If Yellow takes a penalty, does she still gain? Umpires should look at where Yellow would be if she did not break the rule versus where she is after taking a penalty. 36

37. Maybe – 1 Penalty; Maybe – 2 Penalties A few seconds before the starting signal, Blue bears away on top of Green and is not OCS Has Blue deliberately broken a rule [Q4.1(c)]? Yes, providing the breach was clear. Does it change anything whether or not Green protests? The umpires may penalise Blue, just for deliberately breaking a rule [Q4.1(d)], but they will not normally do so unless Green protests. 37

38. Yes - 2 penalties • Obvious contact with mark • No possibility of being compelled • No penalty turn • Penalise - 1 turn [Q4.1(a)] • Penalise - 2ndturn [Q4.1(d)] A clearly touches the mark. No other boats involved 38

39. Positioning • Fleet System • Better for slower fleets • Requires 3 umpire boats: • Left, middle, right • Front, middle, back • If able to have 4th, use as on-the-water reserve and at Mark 1 or to cover specific match races • Zone System • Better for RS:X & 49er above 15 knots wind speed • Ideally requires 4 umpire boats: • Top mark • Left, right, and gate / finish 39

40. Positioning Principles Each umpire boat is responsible for 2 to 4 racing boats. Do not rely on passing information to decide an incident - each umpire boat must ‘follow’ a group. Be observant and flexible. Minimize interference and wash. Try to let media in. Priorities Medal positions Match races Race leaders 40

41. Positioning Principles – Don’ts Don’t - Motor parallel to a boat on your quarter Don’t - Stay close to another umpire boat Don’t - Cause unnecessary wash Don’t - Give a penalty if in the wrong position Don’t – Get pushed out of the back Don’t – Make life more difficult for the media than necessary 41

42. 1 – 3 4 – 6 7 – 10 1 3 2 1 3 2 Fleet Positioning Pre-start and start Be as far RIGHT as possible U3 position determines other umpires positions U3 moves to 2nd U1 moves to 9th U2 moves between 5th & 6th as boats line up to start 42

43. 1 3 2 Fleet Positioning 1st Upwind U1 covers the 2-4 rightmost boats U2 covers the middle U3 covers the 2-4 leftmost boats 43

44. 3 2 n 1 Fleet Positioning • Approaching to windward mark U3, goes above the mark first to watch the first group (2-4 boats) rounding. U1, goes above the starboardlayline, and arrives to judge the second group around. U2, follows the leeward of boats on port tack (unless detached) and judges the last group. This needs observation and flexibility. 44

45. 3 2 n 1 Fleet Positioning Leaving the windward mark and downwind Each boat follows its group down the run. U3 - first group, U1 - second group, U2 - third group. If groups split, umpires reorganise into either front, middle back or left, middle right. Don’t lose the front group. Look for new pressure points. Anticipate and plan ahead. 45

46. Fleet Positioning • Approaching the gate Each umpire boat observes its own group through the gate. May go through the gate with them or remain outside. Try to have at least one umpire boat on each mark (unless all race boats round one gate mark). Race boats may switch group approaching the gate. Follow your group away from the gate. 2 1 3 46

47. Fleet Positioning 2nd Upwind Reorganise as boats split groups to avoid crossing the course as much as possible. Try to keep one umpire with the leaders, but this umpire may change if boats cross the course. Umpires adopt the positions of 1, 2 and 3 (as 1st windward mark) by their approaching position - and NOT because of their original number. 47

48. Finish Fleet Positioning 2nd Downwind and Finish As 1st downwind - re groups. Do not get behind the whole fleet!! At the finish, one umpire boat should be either side of the fleet, especially for RRS 42! 1 2 3 48

49. Fleet Positioning With 4 umpire boats Umpire 4 remains above the windward mark - goes before the start if necessary. Will probably need to call other umpires to impose any penalty. Other 3 umpires go as far up the windward leg as they feel possible, in same pattern as with 3 umpires, without losing the option to get back to the gate in time. They retain the principle of picking up a group to observe them through the gate. Umpire 4 leaves windward mark for last downwind leg to finish. 49

50. 4 3 2 1 Windsurfing (Boards) Positioning Last gate & Slalom marks Gate S1 Umpire 1 - Slalom marks S1 & S3 Umpire 2 - Between Gate and S1 Umpire 3 - Slalom mark S2 (give enough room!) Umpire 4 - Finishing line S2 S3 Finish 50