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Chapter 31 Anatomy of the Heart

Chapter 31 Anatomy of the Heart. Gross anatomy of the heart. Localized in the mediastinum It has a pointed apex At the level of the 5 th intercostal space And a broad base Beneath the 2 nd rib Is the site of emerging of the great vessels. The pericardium. Pericardial cavity

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Chapter 31 Anatomy of the Heart

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  1. Chapter 31 Anatomy of the Heart

  2. Gross anatomy of the heart • Localized in the mediastinum • It has a pointed apex • At the level of the 5th intercostal space • And a broad base • Beneath the 2nd rib • Is the site of emerging of the great vessels

  3. The pericardium • Pericardial cavity • Visceral pericardium or epicardium • Parietal pericardium • Pericardial fluid • Pericardial sac (fibrous) • Stabilizes the heart and its vessels • Pericarditis

  4. The Location of the Heart in the Thoracic Cavity Figure 20.2c

  5. Gross anatomy of the heart • Myocardium • Muscle wall of the heart • Fibrous skeleton of the heart • Endocardium

  6. Superficial Anatomy of the Heart • The heart consists of four chambers • Two atria • Two auricles • Two ventricles • Major blood vessels of the heart include • Inferior and superior vena cavae • Aorta, pulmonary trunk and pulmonary veins

  7. The Superficial Anatomy of the Heart

  8. The Superficial Anatomy of the Heart Figure 20.3b, c

  9. The superficial Anatomy of the heart • Atria • Thin walled upper chambers that receive blood from the vena cava • Ventricles • Thick walled lower chambers separated from the atria by AV valves

  10. External anatomy of the heart and blood flow • Right atrium (RA) • Receives blood coming from the body via superior, inferior vena cava and coronary sinus • auricle • Right ventricle (RV) • Receives blood from the RA and pumps it into the pulmonary trunk • Pulmonary trunk • Left and right pulmonary arteries

  11. External anatomy of the heart and blood flow • Lungs • Pulmonary veins • 2 rights and 2 lefts • Left atrium (LA) • Receives blood from the pulmonary veins • Auricle

  12. External anatomy of the heart and blood flow • Left ventricle (LV) • Pumps blood into the aorta • Aorta • Ascending, arch, descending • Ligamentum arteriosum • Remnant of the ductus arteriosus • Between pulmonary artery and aorta

  13. Blood supply to the heart • Coronary arteries • Right • Posterior interventricular artery • Marginal • Supplies posterior part of the ventricles and lateral part of the right heart

  14. Blood supply to the heart • Left coronary • Anterior interventricular artery • Circumflex • Supplies the anterior part of the ventricles and laterodorsal part of the heart

  15. Blood Supply to the Heart - veins • Veins that empty into the coronary sinus • Great cardiac vein, posterior cardiac vein, middle cardiac vein, small cardiac vein • Anterior cardiac veins empty into the RA.

  16. Coronary Circulation Figure 20.9a, b

  17. The Sectional Anatomy of the Heart

  18. Internal anatomy of the heart • Right atrium • Fossa ovalis • Foramen ovale • Openings of the superior and inferior vena cavas • Pectinate muscle • SA and AV nodes • Interatrial septum • Wall between atria

  19. Internal anatomy of the heart • Right ventricle • Tricuspid valve • Chordae tedineae • Papillary muscles • Trabeculae carneae – muscular ridges • Interventricular septum • Wall between ventricles

  20. Internal anatomy of the heart • Moderator band (septomarginal band) • Horizontal muscular ridge • Brings the impulse to the papillary muscles • Only present in the RV • Conus arteriosus • Conical pouch from which the pulmonary artery arises

  21. Internal anatomy of the heart • Left atrium • Principal cavity (sinus) • Pectinate muscles on the auricle only • Openings of the pulmonary veins

  22. Internal anatomy of the heart • Left ventricle • Bicuspid valve • Trabeculae carneae • Papillary muscles • Chordae tendineae

  23. Valves of the Heart Figure 20.8a

  24. Valves of the Heart Figure 20.8b

  25. Valves of the heart • Bicuspid or mitral or left AV • Tricuspid or right AV • Aortic semilunar • Pulmonary semilunar

  26. Pulmonary and systemic circulation

  27. Pulmonary circulation • Pulmonary arteries • Leave the RV • Carry blood rich in CO2 • Blood flows to the lungs • Pulmonary veins • Leave the lung • Blood rich in O2 • Blood flows to the LA

  28. Systemic circulation • Aorta • Leaves the LV • Blood rich in O2 • Blood flows to the body • Vena cava • Superior brings blood from head, neck, arms and superior trunk • Inferior brings blood from the rest of the body • Blood rich in CO2 • Blood flows to the RA

  29. Microscopic anatomy of the heart • Involuntary • Cardiac cells • Intercalated discs • Branching • Central nucleus • Striations

  30. Identify these structure on the fresh heart • RA • Auricle • Pectinate muscles • Superior and inferior vena cavas • Coronary sinus • Tricuspid valve

  31. Identify these structure on the fresh heart • RV • Papillary muscles • Chrodaetendineae • Trabeculicarneae • Moderator band • Pulmonary trunk and its semilunar valve

  32. Identify these structure on the fresh heart • LA • Auricle • Pectinate muscles

  33. Identify these structure on the fresh heart • LV • Myocardium • Papillary muscles • Chordaetendineae • Mitral valve • Trabeculicarneae • Interventricular septum • Aorta and its semilunar valve • Coronary sinus • Coronary arteries

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