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Food safety standards in rich and poor countries

Food safety standards in rich and poor countries. Presentation at the workshop: Ethics, Globalization, and Hunger: In Search of Appropriate Policies Cornell University, Ithaca, New York November 17-19, 2004 Christian Friis Bach. Environment. Health. Safety. Protection or protectionism?.

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Food safety standards in rich and poor countries

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  1. Food safety standards in rich and poor countries Presentation at the workshop: Ethics, Globalization, and Hunger: In Search of Appropriate Policies Cornell University, Ithaca, New York November 17-19, 2004 Christian Friis Bach

  2. Environment Health Safety Protection or protectionism? Standards Content Residues Traceability, labels Eco-labels Social issues etc. Regulation Documentation Packaging etc. Ethical and political aspects - the price of a life

  3. Aphlatoxin Citrus GMOs Beef hormone Cut flowers Fish from Lake Victoria Sardines Camel cheese Catfish Anecdotal evidence

  4. U.S. Food Shipment Refusals, October 2004 Reason Pesticide: 153 Filthy: 51 Administrative: 161 + other reasons Note: Sum exceeds total as several reasons may be cited for one refusal. Source: U.S. Food and Drug Administration Import Refusal Reports for OASIShttp://www.fda.gov/ora/oasis/ora_oasis_ref.html

  5. WTO disputes invoking the SPS Agreement Formal (DSB): • 20 formal complaints, three from developing countries • No African LDC have made a formal complaint • Developing countries have been successful in challenging developed countries under other agreements Informal (SPS Committee): • 183 specific trade concerns raised during 1995-2003 • 40% of issues raised are about developing countries’ market access • Issues mainly raised by a handful of countries primarily developing country members of the Cairns Group. Source: Jensen, M.F. (2004): Reviewing the SPS agreement - A Developing Country Perspective. FØI Working Paper no. 01/2002 and CDR Working Paper 02.3, February 2002.

  6. Formal WTO disputes invoking the SPS Agreement Violations recorded between 1 January 1995 and April 2002 Source: WTO (2004): http://www.wto.org/english/tratop_e/sps_e/sps_agreement_cbt_e/c5s2p1_e.htm

  7. Food safety requirements and Kenyan fresh produce Source: Jensen, M.F. (2004): Food Safety Requirements and Smallholders: A Case Study of Kenyan Fresh Produce Exports. Chapter IV. Ph.D. thesis. The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University. Copenhagen. Denmark.

  8. The future of small-holder participation Source: Jensen, M.F. (2004): Food Safety Requirements and Smallholders: A Case Study of Kenyan Fresh Produce Exports. Chapter IV. Ph.D. thesis. The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University. Copenhagen. Denmark.

  9. Possible solutions International agreements WTO agreements on Sanitary and Phytosanitary standards and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade Harmonization Increase pressure and mechanisms to harmonize standards Capacity building and compensation Development aid and technical assistance Domestic policy formulation requirements “Development principle” as a supplement to the precautionary principle

  10. Functioning of the SPS Agreement Source: Jensen, M.F. (2004): Reviewing the SPS agreement - A Developing Country Perspective. FØI Working Paper no. 01/2002 and CDR Working Paper 02.3, February 2002.

  11. Possible solutions International agreements WTO agreements on Sanitary and Phytosanitary standards and the Agreement on Technical Barriers to Trade Harmonisation Increase pressure and mechanisms to harmonize standards Capacity building and compensation Development aid and technical assistance Domestic policy formulation requirements “Development principle” as a supplement to the precautionary principle

  12. Conclusion • Public and private standards do increasingly act as barriers to trade. • This raises a number of ethical and political dilemmas • The SPS and TBT agreements address part of the problem but there are implementation costs and progress towards harmonisation is slow and undercut by private standards. • The long-term solution must lie in stronger mechanisms for international harmonisation • But there is a significant need for compensation and capacity building

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