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Unit 6 – Production Process

Unit 6 – Production Process. Personality Traits. If you possess versatility, you will be more highly prized – because of convergence You will come up with idea, host, engineer, and edit There are still collaborative projects

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Unit 6 – Production Process

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  1. Unit 6 – Production Process

  2. Personality Traits • If you possess versatility, you will be more highly prized – because of convergence • You will come up with idea, host, engineer, and edit • There are still collaborative projects • Must be interpersonal, cooperative, and able to brainstorm with others • Must be able to write • Take every opportunity you can to improve your writing • Computer skills • Curiosity and Creativity • Organized • Good sense of humor • Vocal Quality • Passion

  3. Pre-Production • Very little radio happens by accident • Involves planning • Thinking, Writing, Gathering, Discussing • Always be on the lookout for ideas • Formal and informal research • Find Unique angles

  4. Pre-Production • Think about WHY you are producing the project • Informative, Entertaining??? • Motivation will affect how you put piece together • What action do you want audience to take? • How do you want the audience to feel? • Create visuals with audio

  5. Pre-Production • Think about WHY you are producing the project • Informative, Entertaining??? • Motivation will affect how you put piece together • What action do you want audience to take? • How do you want the audience to feel? • Create visuals with audio

  6. Audience & Style • Demographics – age, sex, income, nationality, etc. • Psychographics – hobbies, interests, affiliations • Same information can be packaged for different groups • Be original, bring a personality to your project • Serious, funny, silly, sarcastic, epic, etc.

  7. Production Elements • Voice (VFX) • Host/Narrator • Actualities • Characters

  8. Production Elements • Music (Audio Architecture Library) • Foreground (focus) • Background (bed) • Music Libraries • Usually sectioned by style • Can create your own beds • www.royaltyfreemusic.com

  9. Production Elements • Sound effects (SFX) • Augment (add to) or Punctuate a point • Atmospheres (Effect It CD) • Natural environment • Stingers (Imagio Library) • Short and sharp to command immediate action • SFX Libraries or create/record your own • Silence can be a SFX • Dramatic pause vs dead air

  10. Production Elements • Scripting • Writing and collecting audio will happen simultaneously • Ongoing process • Script is the blueprint • Beginning, middle, end construction • Script Format • Words are LEFT justified • All other FX in brackets and RIGHT justified • Double spaced, All caps

  11. Analog Audio • Analog is electrical signal whose shape is defined by the shape of the sound • Can store a duplicate of this signal on magnetic tape • Sound pressure changes result in changes of voltage and are recorded as changes in magnetic strength • Each new generation of analog recording will be subject to degradation, because signal slightly changes shape • Depends on tape, and there could be defects or decreases

  12. Digital Audio • Digital is electrical signal composed of series of on/off pulses (binary numbers)

  13. Filtering • Analog signal is stripped of frequencies above and below human haring range • Aliased – inaudible frequencies are shifted into audible ones • Anti-aliasing – they are not

  14. Sampling • Analog signal is divided many times a second • Measures the amplitude at each moment a sample is taken • More samples, more exact the reproduction • Much like motion picture • 32,000 44,100, 48,000 samples per second are common • Rate must be at least twice as the highest frequency • We hear up to 20,000 Hz, so 44,100 Hz rate is common

  15. Quantizing • Rounds each amplitude sample up or down to the nearest value • Bit Depth = rounding levels • Higher the bit depth equals better fidelity of the recording • 1 bit = 2 levels (no amplitude or maximum amplitude) • 2 bits = 4 levels • 3 bits = 8 levels • 16 bits is most common = 65,536 levels • 20 and 24 technology is now being seen

  16. Coding • Putting 0’s and 1’s in a series to correspond with each value • This binary code is what is actually recorded • So we can have numerous copies with not loss of quality

  17. Editing • -Won’t usually record what you want on the first try • Eliminate mistakes without rerecording entire thing • Do it take by take • Take out vocal filler • Decrease length of production work • Must achieve exact length for your pieces • Manually edit pauses • Time compress • Record out of sequence • Rearrange order of recordings • Use portions of longer recordings

  18. Digital Editor • 2 track and multitrack • Need a DSP Audio card • Software programs • Adobe Audition • DigidesignPro Tools • Sony Sound Forge • SteinberCubase Studio • Other Types • Digital audio workstations • Personal audio editor • Shortcut

  19. Digital Pros/Cons • Accessing and cueing up is faster • Adjusting length • Encode file with other labeling information • Ease of repair • If it does crash you lose EVERYTHING though • -Backup your files • Noise problem (fans, disk drives)

  20. MIDI & Latency • MIDI/SMPTE each allow operator to sync multiple different pieces of equipment together • Latency • Time to convert analog to digital, add digital effect to audio, or to move audio from one place to another • Usually only milliseconds • More complex the project, more you are susceptible to it

  21. Digital Audio Editing • Begins after you have recorded audio into the system or Ripped – pulling audio from CD • Edit View: Record, process, edit • Waveform view: shows audio file you are editing • Transport buttons: control recording and playback functions • Timeline display: timing information and horizontal/vertical zooms to scale the audio • File, new, select appropriate recording specifications • Sample rate: 44,100 • Channel: Stereo (Mono if voice only) • Bit Depth: 16 bit • Clicking record begins the recording • Check your levels at the bottom (keep them around -6) • You can save from here • Region • Trimming • Shift + Click to adjust edit points (may need to zoom)

  22. Nondestructive Nature • Original audio isn’t actually altered • You can always save a copy of your master unedited file • Undo feature allows you to go back a step if you have not saved • Can use the same audio in many places within a project

  23. Multitrack Techniques • Each element can be recorded and placed on a separate track • Manipulated individually and played simultaneously • Pull down menus give you a variety of functions • Audio can be mixed, moved, copied, and deleted • Each track has pan and volume faders

  24. Multitrack Techniques • Over-dubbing: Adding a new track to existing tracks • Punch In/Insert Edit: Record over just the part that has mistake • Bouncing/Ping-Pong: Combining two or more tracks on a multitrack recorder and recording them on a vacant track

  25. Multitrack Voice FX • Voice Doubling: Illusion of 2 people reading same script at same time • Chorusing: Adding at least 2 more tracks on top of double in sync • Stacking: Singing in harmony to existing track • Dovetailing: Appears to be 2 different announcers

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