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Lecture 2

Lecture 2. Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of the reactors in which they take place. Lecture 2 – Tuesday 1/10/2011. Review of Lecture 1 Definition of Conversion, X

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Lecture 2

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  1. Lecture 2 Chemical Reaction Engineering (CRE) is the field that studies the rates and mechanisms of chemical reactions and the design of the reactors in which they take place.

  2. Lecture 2 – Tuesday 1/10/2011 • Review of Lecture 1 • Definition of Conversion, X • Develop the Design Equations in Terms of X • Size CSTRs and PFRs given –rA= f(X) • Conversion for Reactors in Series • Review the Fall of the Tower of CRE

  3. Reactor Mole Balance Summary NA FA t V Batch CSTR PFR

  4. CSTR Homework Problem Solution Given the following information, Find V Liquidphase

  5. CSTR (1) Mole Balance: (2) Rate Law: (3) Stoichiometry:

  6. CSTR (4) Combine: (5) Evaluate:

  7. CSTR Consider the generic reaction

  8. Batch

  9. Batch Integrating The necessary t to achieve conversion X.

  10. CSTR Well Mixed Steady State

  11. CSTR CSTR volumenecessary to achieveconversion X.

  12. PFR Steady State

  13. PFR Integrating PFR volume necessary to achieve conversion X.

  14. Reactor Mole Balance Summary In terms of conversion X Batch t X CSTR W PFR PBR

  15. LevenspielPlots ReactorSizing Given –rA as a function of conversion, -rA= f(X), one can size any type of reactor. Wedo this by constructing a Levenspielplot. Here we ploteither (FA0/-rA) or (1/-rA) as a function of X. For (FA0/-rA) vs. X, the volume of a CSTR and the volume of a PFR can be represented as the shaded areas in the Levenspiel Plots shown as:

  16. LevenspielPlots

  17. Area = Volume of CSTR F 0 A - r A X 1 CSTR

  18. PFR

  19. LevenspielPlots

  20. Numerical Evaluations of Integrals • The integral to calculate the PFR volume can be evaluated using method as Simpson’s One-Third Rule: (See Appendix A.4) Other numerical methods are: • Trapezoidal Rule (uses two data points) • Simpson’s Three-Eight’s Rule (uses four data points) • Five-Point Quadrature Formula

  21. ReactorsinSeries Given: rA as a function of conversion, one can also design any sequence of reactors in series by defining X: Only valid ifthere are no sidestreams. Molar Flow rate of species A at point i:

  22. ReactorsinSeries

  23. ReactorsinSeries Reactor 1: V1

  24. ReactorsinSeries Reactor 2: V2

  25. ReactorsinSeries Reactor 3: V3

  26. ReactorsinSeries

  27. ReactorsinSeries Space time τ is the time necessary to process 1 reactor volume of fluid at entrance conditions.

  28. KEEPING UP • The tower of CRE, is it stable?

  29. Reaction Engineering Mole Balance Rate Laws Stoichiometry These topics build upon one another.

  30. Heat Effects Isothermal Design Stoichiometry Rate Laws Mole Balance CRE Algorithm

  31. Rate Laws Mole Balance Be careful not to cut corners on any of the CRE building blocks while learning this material!

  32. Isothermal Design Heat Effects Rate Laws Stoichiometry Mole Balance Otherwise, your Algorithm becomes unstable.

  33. End of Lecture 2

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