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Lipids

Lipids. Triglycerides- fats and oils Phospoglycerides- lecithin Sterols- cholesterol. Triglycerides. Neutral fats- triesters of fatty acids and glycerol Fats- solid at room temperature Olis- liquid at room temperature. Fatty acids. Stearic acid. Linoleic acid. Glycerol. Trigycerides.

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Lipids

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  1. Lipids Triglycerides- fats and oils Phospoglycerides- lecithin Sterols- cholesterol

  2. Triglycerides Neutral fats- triesters of fatty acids and glycerol Fats- solid at room temperature Olis- liquid at room temperature

  3. Fatty acids Stearic acid Linoleic acid Glycerol

  4. Trigycerides + H2O Glycerol + 3 fatty acids Triglyceride + water

  5. Saturated or unsaturated fats/oils? • Saturated- no double bonds • Unsaturated- one or more double bonds • Polyunsaturated- many double bonds • Cis- or trans-double bonds Lauric acid Oleic acid

  6. Stearic acid, Mp 70 ºC Linoleic acid, -6, Mp -5 ºC -6 and -3 fatty acids are essential

  7. Linoleic acid, -6, Mp -5 ºC Linolenic acid, -3, Mp -11 ºC -6 and -3 fatty acids are essential

  8. Phosphoglycerides

  9. Cell membrane

  10. Steroids • Cholesterol, sexual hormones • Carotenoids – fat-soluble vitamins

  11. Stereoids Oestradiol Cholesterol Testosterone

  12. Lipid transport in the cells • Low-density lipoproteins LDL- good • High-density lipoproteins HDL- bad

  13. Me = CH3 Carotenoids Vitamin A (retinol) red http://www.vitaguide.org/vitamin-a.html

  14. Carotenoides, forts Vitamin D Vitamin E Vitamin K http://www.vitaguide.org/vitamin-d.html

  15. Analysis of lipids • Iodine or bromine number • Addition of I2 or Br2 Unsaturated fatty acid Brominated fatty acid

  16. Roles of lipids in the body (+) • Energy storage • Insulation and protection of organs • Structuralcomponents of cell membranes • -3 poly-unsaturatedfattyacidsreduce the risk of heart disease • poly-unsaturated fats maylowerlevels of LDL cholesterol

  17. Roles of lipids in the body (-) • Increased risk of heart disease from elevatedlevels of LDL cholesterol and trans-fattyacids • The major source of LDL cholesterol is saturated fats (C12, C14 and C16fattyacids) • Obesity

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