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X-Stack Energy Optimization: Fact or Fiction

X-Stack Energy Optimization: Fact or Fiction. Todd Austin University of Michigan. Austin’s Theory of Inevitable H/W Progression. Software Construction. Static circuit optimization. Typical-case optimization. Basic logic synthesis. X-Stack. Hand-drawn circuits. Hardware Construction.

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X-Stack Energy Optimization: Fact or Fiction

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  1. X-Stack Energy Optimization:Fact or Fiction Todd Austin University of Michigan

  2. Austin’s Theory of Inevitable H/W Progression Software Construction • Static circuitoptimization • Typical-caseoptimization • Basic logicsynthesis X-Stack • Hand-drawncircuits Hardware Construction

  3. Razor Typical-Case Optimization clk D1 Q1 0 Main Flip-Flop Razor FF Stabilizer FF PC Razor FF Razor FF Razor FF 1 Error_L Shadow Latch comparator IF ID EX MEM (read-only) WB (reg/mem) Error RAZOR FF clk_del bubble bubble bubble error error bubble error error recover recover recover recover Flush Control flushID flushID flushID flushID • Circuit-level Razor latch detects timing errors • Architecture-level pipeline recovery sequence fixes pipeline state after timing error • Operating system-level voltage control sets energy level to minimize error rates • 50% energy savings for < 1% performance loss X-Stack

  4. CryptoManiac Typical-Case Optimization Logical Unit {tiny} XOR AND Pipelined 32-Bit MUL {long} 1K Byte SBOX Cache 32-Bit Adder 32-Bit Rotator {short} Logical Unit {tiny} XOR AND • Circuit-level functional unit design tucks pre- and post-Boolean ops into clock cycle • Architecture-levelISA extension exposes pre/post-ops • Application-level programming re-expresses algorithms to leverage optimization • 20% performance benefit (could recast as energy benefit) CM Proc X-Stack CM Proc In Q Out Q Req Scheduler requests results . . . CM Proc Keystore

  5. X-Stack Optimization Thoughts • Opportunities • Big design wins to be found for x-stack optimizations • Challenges • Approach destroys abstractions, places burdens on layers up the stack (e.g., architects and programmers) • Typically need to work outside of your comfort zone • Reviewers are often skeptical of x-stack modeling fidelity • Advice • Play well with others (seek effective collaborations) • Be open to learning new technologies/applications/fields • Be prepared to pursue physical demonstrations

  6. Austin’s Theory of Inevitable H/W Progression Software Construction • Static circuitoptimization • Typical-caseoptimization • Basic logicsynthesis X-Stack X-Stack • Hand-drawncircuits • ComposableH/W acceleration Hardware Construction

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