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E-Waste

E-Waste. Mariyappa Rajkumar. E-Waste – An Introduction. Global Markets are expanding for electrical and electronic Products continues to accelerate, while the lifespan of the products is dropping, resulting in a corresponding explosion in electronic scrap.

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E-Waste

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  1. E-Waste Mariyappa Rajkumar

  2. E-Waste – An Introduction • Global Markets are expanding for electrical and electronic • Products continues to accelerate, while the lifespan of the products is dropping, resulting in a corresponding explosion in electronic scrap. • As noted by UNEP (2005):“Every year, 20 to 50 million tones of electrical and electronic equipment waste (“e-waste”) are generated world-wide, which could bring serious risks to human health and the environment. While 4 million PCs are discarded per year in China alone.”

  3. E-Waste General Facts • Economics • The rapidly growing quantities of e-waste make for some astonishing facts. Did you know that the annual amount of e-waste generated from end-of- life electrical and electronic products (WEEE) is estimated to be a two digit amount, in million tons! And this is predicted to double in the coming decades. Explore further statistical data showing global comparisons and country specific factsheets on quantities of e-waste, per capita e-waste generation, composition of different appliances in the waste pile etc. • Valuable Materials • Electronic appliances are composed of hundreds of different materials that can be both toxic but also of high value. Gold, silver, copper, platinum etc. are valuable materials which recyclers recover from e-waste. • Hazardous Material • Electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) are made of a multitude of components which contain toxic / hazardous substances, e.g. carcinogens such as lead and arsenic. The recycling processes and disposal of these components, while being a lucrative business proposition for some, poses serious health risks and environment dangers.

  4. E-Waste Situation in India • Electronic waste, abbreviated as e-waste, consists of discarded old computers, TVs, refrigerators, radios – basically any electrical or electronic appliance that has reached its end-of-life. While e-waste contains both valuable materials such as gold, palladium, silver and copper, it also contains harmful substances like lead, cadmium and mercury. • In India, e-waste is mostly generated in large cities like India, Mumbai and Bangalore. In these cities a complex e-waste handling infra-structure has developed mainly based on a long tradition of waste recycling. This is mainly operated by a very entrepreneurial informal sector. Rag pickers and waste dealers found it easy to adapt to the new waste stream. So far, the e-waste recycling system is purely market driven.

  5. E-Waste Actors In India • Importer/Manufacturer: Almost 50% of the PC's sold in India are products from the secondary market and are re-assembled on old components. The remaining market share is covered by multinational manufacturers (30%) and Indian brands (22%) • Consumer: Individual households: Individual households account for 22% of junk computers in India (Toxics Link report: • The preferred practice to get rid of obsolete computers is to get them in exchange from retailers when purchasing a new computer, or passed on to elatives or friends. • Government, public and private sector: The business sector accounts for 78% of all installed PC's in India • Import of e-waste: Import of e-waste is legally prohibited. Nevertheless, there are reports

  6. E-Waste Recycling in India • Manual Dismantling: The accrued electronic and electric waste in India is dismantled and sorted manually to fractions printed wiring boards (PWB), cathode ray tubes (CRT), cables, plastics, metals, condensers and other, nowadays invaluable materials like batteries, LCDs or wood. The valuable fractions are treated in refining and conditioning processes • Final Disposal: Solid waste is deposited in a municipal landfill. Systematic gas and water collecting systems are not installed; hence significant emissions to water and air are caused. The site is crowded with informal waste pickers. The people collect valuable materials for recycling.

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