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Audio Sequencing. Audio Sequencing Workshop for Beginners. A sequencer is a virtual multitracker where you can record , edit and mix your material. The most used sequencers are: Steinberg Cubase (VST, LE, SX, 4) Apple Logic Digidesign Pro Tools. 녹음과정. 준비 녹음
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Audio Sequencing Workshop for Beginners A sequencer is a virtual multitracker where you can record, edit and mix your material. The most used sequencers are: • Steinberg Cubase(VST, LE, SX, 4) • Apple Logic • Digidesign Pro Tools
녹음과정 • 준비 • 녹음 • 오버더빙(overdubbing) • 믹싱(mixing, mixdown) • 마스터링(mastering) • 제품 제조
Audio Sequencing Workshop: Recording • Cubase new project name (like "song1") save to the hard disc • preferences check: sampling rate 44.1kHz,bitrate 24 bit (The 24 bit gives us more dynamic while recording. The 44,1kHz is a standard.)
▶ Record button on the transport-window recording ▶ Next tracks recording ▶ Don’t forget to name the tracks correctly.
▶ pink and purple tracks guitar tracks (L and R) ▶ blue track bass-track ▶ orange bongos ▶ green vocals You might have your own!
Audio Sequencing Workshop: Editing • Editing is cutting and re-arranging parts so they fit properly into the song arrangement. • The most important tool in the edit process is cutting and fading. We need this to put two regions in a line or to fade in/out a part smoothly.
Cutting At Zero Crossing How you do it wrong:
Fade In/Out The region-fade:
Removing Silence And Mute Regions Muting and cutting clean:
Cleaned Tom track: (Don't forget the fade-ins and fade-outs!)
Our arrangement should now, after the editing, look like this:
Input / Output Trim and Phase Reverse Inserts 1-6 Inserts 6-8 Pan/Balance Mute and Solo Channel fader Automation Read/Write Edit channel window Insert / EQ / Send-Bypass Listen Input Record activation Show Inserts / EQs / Sends Mixer view setting Audio Sequencing Workshop: Mixing
Equalizer • Lo Cut/Hi Pass Cuts a lot (about 24dB/Octave) under the cutoff-frequency. (Ex: Cleaning tracks of low rumble and unnecessary information.) • Lo Shelve / Hi Shelve Cuts / adds in the basses or highs • Shelving / Peak type Cuts / adds around the cutoff-frequency. • High Cut/Lo Pass To cut high frequencies.
Dynamics Dynamics control the volume of audio-signal. • Noise gate (Ex: Everything between 2 kick drum-hits is being muted.) • Compressor (Ex: Loud vocals are being reduced so the quiet signals are more even.) • Limiter (Ex: A limiter in the Insert of the Master fader so in the bounce there is no distorting signal above 0dB.) • Multiband-Compressor (Ex: A static fat bass of a kick drum, but the highs are kept dynamic.)
Panorama / Balance • Panorama / balance is used to place an audio signal in the stereo mix, from the very left, the mid to the very right. • Panorama knobs are for mono signals.
ReverbUsing reverberation as an aftereffect gives you the possibility to control the room in the mix.
But we have to "feed" the fx-tracks. For this we will create aux-sends. Let's do this for the vocals. We will send signals to the short reverb. If we fade out the vocal-track, the reverb shall decrease too so we will use one of the post fader-sends (2, 4, 6 or 8):
The Bongos shall have a little bit short reverb and lots of the long reverb, there we go:
Special Effects and Automation Try effects like Chorus, Flanger, Modulation, Delay, Distortion, Rotary or Tremolo for unique sounds in your songs. Ex: telephone-voice
Bouncing • Bouncing is the same like "Mixdown", "Rendering" or similar. • When a signal is above 0dB, the signal will distort. Therefore we will use a limiter in the insert of the main-output.
Audio Sequencing Workshop: Mastering • For more songs the process looks a little bit different.
Benjamin Kapidzic, born in 1984, lives in Hamburg (Germany). Studied audio-engineering at the SAE-college and works as an live/studio engineer and is mixing/producing several projects. Need help with your projects?For more information contact: kapv@gmx.de Benjamin Kapidzic