Carl Jung

1. Carl Jung • Unconsciousness is like sin • Ego is the gatekeeper to consciousness / highly selective ideas and memories that evoke anxiety will be refused admittance • Ego of highly aware person will allow more things to become conscious

2. Carl Jung • Psyche • Consciousness (that which we are aware) • Personal Unconscious (if ego does not allow material into consciousness, stored in personal unconscious) • Collective Unconsciousness

3. Carl Jung • The psyche is composed of 3 levels • 1) Consciousness. Conscious awareness grows daily through the application of 4 mental functions (thinking-feeling-sensing-intiuting) • 2 attitudes that determine the orientation of the conscious mind (introversion / extraversion)

4. Carl Jung • In addition to the usual instincts of sex, aggression, hunger, man has an instinct toward individuation. Individuation pushes us toward wholeness.

5. Carl Jung • Collective Unconsciousness • The mind has inherited characteristics that determine the ways a person will react to lifes experiences. The mind of man is prefigured by evolution. Personal unconscious contents were once conscious. Collective unconscious have never been conscious

6. Carl Jung • Collective Unconscious is a reservior of “primordial images.” The contents of the collective unconsious are called “archetypes

7. Carl Jung • Material in unconsciousness may cluster and group into little personalities called “complexes”. Word Association test, first word that comes to mind. Look for inhibited response.

8. Carl Jung • Four Major Archetypes • 1) Persona • 2) Anima / animus • Anima is the female aspect present in C.U of men • Animus is the male aspect present in C.U. of women • 3) Shadow • 4) Self

9. Carl Jung • Dynamics of the Psyche • Principle of Opposites • Every wish immediately suggests its opposite • If I have a good thought, I cannot help but have in me somewhere the opposite bad thought.

10. Alfred Adler • Adler -- Student of Freud. • Broke with him, but agreed that early childhood experiences shaped the human personality. • Adler rejected the sexual content of Freud, substituting “Will to Power” for libido. • People strive for superiority as a result of having felt inferior.

11. Alfred Adler • 1) all behaviors occur in a social context • 2) Man is not pushed from behind, but pulled .from in front • 3) Moving through life… confronted with alternatives • 4) Man has a responsibility to develop his social interest • 5) Life demands courage. • 6) We give meaning to Life -- Life has no intrinsic meaning.

12. Alfred Adler Individual Psychology • Believed main goal of all people is to move to a better way of life. • Inferiority complex… feelings of lack of worth. The person is not achieving their goal to moving positively in life. People wish to move from feelings of inferiority to superiority (self-improvement)

13. Alfred Adler • Every person has an idea of what their perfect self would be like. He called this imagined goal the fictional finalism. The FF pulls the individual toward the future.

14. Alfred Adler • Freud believed the person’s personality at war with each other. Adler believed the conscious and unconscious worked in union with one another toward the fictional finalism. • Each person has a “Style of Life”… either positive or negative.

15. Life Styles • Ruling Types seek to control others. They are not all terrible people, because high competitiveness goes along with control. Many are high achievers. They will however, let others know of their accomplishments and tend to do so in a belittling manner. Adler called this inclination the deprecation complex

16. Life Styles • Getting Type -- These people are very dependent on others and take on a passive attitude towards life. Parents who pamper their children encourage this lifestyle.

17. Life Style • Avoiding Type -- They try to avoid all of life’s problems to avoid defeat. They are seen as cold and usually prefer to be isolated.

18. Life Style • Healthy Lifestyle -- It is the socially useful type. These people believe in doing good for the sake of society. They also believe they have control over their lives. “Social interest must be trained, and it can be trained only if one grows up in relation to others and feels a part of the whole. One must feel at home on this earth with all its advantages and disadvantages”

19. Alfred Adler • Believed in “free will.” • Parental behavior could take on two negative extremes: pampering and neglect. • The first leads to a very spoiled child who experiences lack of love in the less indulgent real world. The second leads to people who feel incapable of completing tasks.

20. Alfred Adler • Birth order is also a factor which contributes to personality. • 1st born -- overvalues authority and has very conservative values. Most problem children are firstborn. Achievers. • 2nd born -- are the most well adapted of all positions. They act as the peacemakers. • Youngest -- are often too pampered, also leading to behavioral problems. They fail to develop independence because it is not necessary. Only children have unrealistic sense of self worth.

22. Karen Horney • The Neurotic Needs • 1. Need for affection and approval • 2. Need of a partner • 3. Need to restrict one’s life,

23. Karen Horney • The Neurotic Needs • 4. For power, control • 5. To exploit others and get better of them • 6. Social recognition or prestige • 7. Personal admiration • 8. Personal Achievement

24. Karen Horney • The Neurotic Needs • 9 Self-sufficiency and independence • 10. For Perfection

25. Karen Horney • THE NEUROTIC NEEDS • 3 Clusters Compliance -- Moving- Toward Strategy (getting) Aggression - Moving -against Strategy (ruling) Withdrawl - Moving-Away-From Strategy (avoiding)